1 00:01:05,102 --> 00:01:09,607 THE FIRST WHITE MEN OF YOUR PEOPLE WHO CAME TO OUR COUNTRY 2 00:01:09,673 --> 00:01:12,243 WERE NAMED LEWIS AND CLARK. 3 00:01:12,310 --> 00:01:16,247 ALL THE NEZ PERCE MADE FRIENDS WITH LEWIS AND CLARK 4 00:01:16,314 --> 00:01:20,051 AND AGREED TO LET THEM PASS THROUGH THEIR COUNTRY, 5 00:01:20,118 --> 00:01:23,337 AND NEVER TO MAKE WAR ON WHITE MEN. 6 00:01:23,404 --> 00:01:27,992 THIS PROMISE THE NEZ PERCE HAVE NEVER BROKEN. 7 00:01:28,058 --> 00:01:31,078 IT HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE PRIDE OF THE NEZ PERCE 8 00:01:31,145 --> 00:01:34,965 THAT THEY WERE THE FRIENDS OF THE WHITE MAN -- 9 00:01:35,032 --> 00:01:37,452 CHIEF JOSEPH. 10 00:01:42,423 --> 00:01:46,094 Narrator: IN 1871, AN AGING NEZ PERCE CHIEF 11 00:01:46,160 --> 00:01:50,181 SUMMONED ONE OF HIS SONS, HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEKHT, 12 00:01:50,247 --> 00:01:53,651 ALSO CALLED JOSEPH, TO HIS DEATH BED. 13 00:01:54,702 --> 00:01:57,638 IN THE WALLOWA COUNTRY OF NORTHEASTERN OREGON 14 00:01:57,705 --> 00:02:00,991 WAS BEING OVERWHELMED BY WHITE SETTLERS. 15 00:02:01,058 --> 00:02:04,344 AFTER THREE-QUARTERS OF A CENTURY 16 00:02:04,411 --> 00:02:08,416 OF UNBROKEN PEACE WITH THE UNITED STATES, 17 00:02:08,482 --> 00:02:12,286 THE NEZ PERCE FELT BETRAYED. 18 00:02:12,353 --> 00:02:14,539 ALTHOUGH THE GOVERNMENT CLAIMED 19 00:02:14,605 --> 00:02:17,525 THE TREATY PERMITTED THE NEW SETTLEMENTS, 20 00:02:17,592 --> 00:02:20,945 JOSEPH'S BAND HAD NEVER SIGNED THAT TREATY, 21 00:02:21,011 --> 00:02:24,815 AND INSISTED THE LAND STILL BELONGED TO THEM. 22 00:02:24,882 --> 00:02:30,237 MY FATHER WAS THE FIRST TO SEE THROUGH THE SCHEMES 23 00:02:30,304 --> 00:02:32,323 OF THE WHITE MEN. 24 00:02:32,390 --> 00:02:37,178 HE SAID, "MY SON, WHEN I AM GONE, 25 00:02:37,244 --> 00:02:40,631 "YOU ARE THE CHIEF OF THESE PEOPLE. 26 00:02:40,697 --> 00:02:45,769 "ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT YOUR FATHER NEVER SOLD HIS COUNTRY. 27 00:02:45,854 --> 00:02:47,805 "YOU MUST STOP YOUR EARS 28 00:02:47,872 --> 00:02:53,544 "WHENEVER YOU ARE ASKED TO SIGN A TREATY SELLING YOUR HOME. 29 00:02:53,610 --> 00:02:58,649 "MY SON, NEVER FORGET MY DYING WORDS. 30 00:02:58,715 --> 00:03:02,653 "THIS COUNTRY HOLDS YOUR FATHER'S BODY. 31 00:03:02,720 --> 00:03:07,424 NEVER SELL THE BONES OF YOUR FATHER AND MOTHER." 32 00:03:07,509 --> 00:03:09,977 I PRESSED MY FATHER'S HAND 33 00:03:10,043 --> 00:03:15,082 AND TOLD HIM I WOULD PROTECT HIS GRAVE WITH MY LIFE. 34 00:03:15,132 --> 00:03:19,253 A MAN WHO WOULD NOT LOVE HIS FATHER'S GRAVE 35 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:22,306 IS WORSE THAN A WILD ANIMAL -- 36 00:03:22,373 --> 00:03:24,509 CHIEF JOSEPH. 37 00:03:30,998 --> 00:03:34,018 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 38 00:03:49,133 --> 00:03:53,053 [ MORE VOICES ADDED TO CHANTING ] 39 00:04:02,931 --> 00:04:06,684 [ DRUM BEATS, CHANTING CONTINUES ] 40 00:04:29,690 --> 00:04:32,844 Narrator: BY 1874, RAILROADS HAD BROUGHT 41 00:04:32,910 --> 00:04:35,729 MILLIONS OF SETTLERS TO THE WEST, 42 00:04:35,796 --> 00:04:38,499 OPENING UP NEW LANDS FOR HOMESTEADERS, 43 00:04:38,566 --> 00:04:43,254 ELIMINATING THE GREAT BUFFALO HERDS FROM THE SOUTHERN PLAINS, 44 00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:46,473 CHANGING FOREVER THE LIVES OF THOSE 45 00:04:46,540 --> 00:04:49,010 WHO CALLED THE WEST THEIR HOME. 46 00:04:49,076 --> 00:04:53,547 AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BEGAN CONSOLIDATING ITS CONTROL 47 00:04:53,614 --> 00:04:58,719 OVER THE ENTIRE REGION AS IT NEVER HAD BEFORE. 48 00:05:04,742 --> 00:05:10,297 BY 1874, WASHINGTON HAD MOUNTED STILL ANOTHER ASSAULT 49 00:05:10,364 --> 00:05:15,002 ON THE MORMONS WHO HAD SOUGHT SANCTUARY IN UTAH. 50 00:05:15,069 --> 00:05:19,005 AND THE PROPHET WHO HAD BROUGHT THEM THERE 51 00:05:19,073 --> 00:05:22,460 WOULD BE FORCED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN SAVING HIS CHURCH 52 00:05:22,527 --> 00:05:25,813 OR SACRIFICING HIS SPIRITUAL SON. 53 00:05:28,565 --> 00:05:33,304 BY 1874, THE GOVERNMENT HAD FORCED THE CAYUSE, 54 00:05:33,370 --> 00:05:37,742 MIWOK AND YOKUT, THE UTE AND COUR D'ALENE, 55 00:05:37,808 --> 00:05:43,848 THE PAIUTE, SHOSHONE, MIWOK AND YOKUT, AND NAVAJO TO SURRENDER.,C, 56 00:05:43,914 --> 00:05:47,985 MOST TRIBES WERE OFFICIALLY CONFINED TO RESERVATIONS NOW, 57 00:05:48,052 --> 00:05:50,054 DEPENDENT FOR THEIR SURVIVAL 58 00:05:50,121 --> 00:05:53,724 ON GOVERNMENT RATIONS THAT OFTEN DID NOT ARRIVE, 59 00:05:53,791 --> 00:05:56,811 AND ON THE WHIMS OF GOVERNMENT AGENTS 60 00:05:56,877 --> 00:06:00,448 WHO OFTEN DID NOT CARE. 61 00:06:00,515 --> 00:06:02,511 BUT A FEW BANDS HELD OUT, 62 00:06:02,578 --> 00:06:07,154 CONVINCED THEY COULD STILL LIVE AS THEY WISHED SOMEHOW 63 00:06:07,220 --> 00:06:11,024 IN A WEST THAT HAD ALREADY BEEN TRANSFORMED. 64 00:06:11,091 --> 00:06:14,962 BETWEEN 1874 AND 1877, 65 00:06:15,013 --> 00:06:20,901 THEY WOULD MAKE THEIR LAST STAND TO REMAIN FREE. 66 00:06:20,968 --> 00:06:23,203 [ DRUMS BEAT ] 67 00:06:23,270 --> 00:06:24,772 A LAKOTA MEDICINE MAN, 68 00:06:24,838 --> 00:06:28,059 WHO SAW THE AMERICANS AS HIS MORTAL ENEMIES, 69 00:06:28,126 --> 00:06:31,094 BECAME A SYMBOL OF ARMED RESISTANCE 70 00:06:31,161 --> 00:06:35,466 AND WOULD WIN THE GREATEST VICTORY OF THE INDIAN WARS... 71 00:06:35,532 --> 00:06:39,036 ONLY TO BRING DOWN UPON HIS PEOPLE 72 00:06:39,103 --> 00:06:42,823 THE WRATH OF AN AVENGING NATION, 73 00:06:42,890 --> 00:06:47,294 WHILE A NEZ PERCE CHIEF, WHO HAD STRUGGLED ALL HIS LIFE 74 00:06:47,361 --> 00:06:49,830 TO MAINTAIN PEACE WITH WHITES, 75 00:06:49,897 --> 00:06:52,849 WOULD FIND HIMSELF HELPING TO LEAD 76 00:06:52,917 --> 00:06:56,721 ONE OF THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY MILITARY CAMPAIGNS 77 00:06:56,787 --> 00:06:58,873 IN AMERICAN HISTORY. 78 00:06:58,939 --> 00:07:05,129 TO DEFEAT THEM, THE GOVERNMENT WOULD CALL ON AN UNLIKELY ARMY 79 00:07:05,195 --> 00:07:09,267 MADE UP OF IMMIGRANTS, FUGITIVES, SOCIAL OUTCASTS, 80 00:07:09,333 --> 00:07:12,903 AND A DASHING YOUNG HERO OF THE CIVIL WAR 81 00:07:12,970 --> 00:07:17,741 WHO CAME WEST PURSUING A VISION OF HIS OWN INVINCIBILITY 82 00:07:17,809 --> 00:07:20,495 ONLY TO CONFRONT AN ENEMY 83 00:07:20,561 --> 00:07:25,082 WHOSE VISIONS WOULD PROVE EVEN STRONGER. 84 00:07:29,253 --> 00:07:33,824 I NEVER TAUGHT MY PEOPLE TO TRUST AMERICANS. 85 00:07:33,891 --> 00:07:36,376 I HAVE TOLD THEM THE TRUTH -- 86 00:07:36,443 --> 00:07:39,796 THAT THE AMERICANS ARE GREAT LIARS. 87 00:07:39,863 --> 00:07:43,734 I HAVE NEVER DEALT WITH THE AMERICANS. 88 00:07:43,801 --> 00:07:45,219 WHY SHOULD I? 89 00:07:45,286 --> 00:07:48,906 THE LAND BELONGED TO MY PEOPLE -- 90 00:07:48,973 --> 00:07:51,007 SITTING BULL. 91 00:07:51,074 --> 00:07:54,612 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 92 00:08:07,574 --> 00:08:10,043 [ THUNDER RUMBLES ] 93 00:08:22,656 --> 00:08:29,296 Man: IT IS SUCH AN UNLIKELY PLACE IN THE LANDSCAPE. 94 00:08:29,362 --> 00:08:31,015 IT IS AN ISLAND. 95 00:08:31,081 --> 00:08:36,137 AND IT'S THERE IN THIS VASTNESS OF THE GREAT PLAINS. 96 00:08:36,203 --> 00:08:37,454 BUT IT IS RICH. 97 00:08:37,521 --> 00:08:42,676 IT IS FULL OF TIMBER, FULL OF GAME. 98 00:08:42,743 --> 00:08:48,616 IT'S A PLACE WHERE THUNDER RESOUNDS, 99 00:08:48,683 --> 00:08:51,084 MORE THAN IN OTHER PLACES, 100 00:08:51,151 --> 00:08:56,207 AND SO IT'S THOUGHT TO BE THE PLACE OF THE DEITIES. 101 00:08:56,274 --> 00:09:00,261 WHEN YOU SEE THE BLACK HILLS, 102 00:09:00,327 --> 00:09:05,249 YOU UNDERSTAND SOMETHING ABOUT THE SPIRITUAL ASPECT OF IT. 103 00:09:05,315 --> 00:09:10,086 YOU ENJOYED THE WEALTH OF THE LAND THERE. 104 00:09:10,153 --> 00:09:15,109 AND AT THE SAME TIME, YOU RESTORED YOURSELF, 105 00:09:15,175 --> 00:09:17,311 NOT ONLY PHYSICALLY, BUT SPIRITUALLY. 106 00:09:21,398 --> 00:09:27,104 Narrator: IN THE SUMMER OF 1874, MORE THAN 1,000 SOLDIERS, 107 00:09:27,171 --> 00:09:31,975 100 WAGONS, 61 ARIKARA SCOUTS, AND 3 NEWSPAPERMEN 108 00:09:32,042 --> 00:09:34,729 MARCHED OUT OF FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN, 109 00:09:34,795 --> 00:09:38,248 IN THE DAKOTA TERRITORY, AND STARTED SOUTHWEST 110 00:09:38,315 --> 00:09:41,335 STRAIGHT INTO THE BLACK HILLS -- 111 00:09:41,401 --> 00:09:45,839 AN AREA THE LAKOTA CONSIDERED SACRED GROUND. 112 00:09:45,906 --> 00:09:49,777 OFFICIALLY, THE SOLDIERS WERE LOOKING FOR A SITE 113 00:09:49,843 --> 00:09:51,728 ON WHICH TO BUILD A FORT 114 00:09:51,795 --> 00:09:55,499 SO THAT THEY COULD KEEP AN EYE ON THE LAKOTA. 115 00:09:55,565 --> 00:10:00,604 UNOFFICIALLY, THEY WERE LOOKING FOR GOLD. 116 00:10:00,671 --> 00:10:04,057 I SAY THAT OUR OBJECT IS A PEACEFUL ONE 117 00:10:04,124 --> 00:10:07,244 BUT I HAVE NO IDEA THAT OUR TRIP WILL BE. 118 00:10:07,311 --> 00:10:09,280 THE INDIANS HAVE LONG OPPOSED 119 00:10:09,347 --> 00:10:13,083 ALL EFFORTS OF WHITE MEN TO ENTER THE BLACK HILLS, 120 00:10:13,150 --> 00:10:16,219 BUT I HAVE A WELL-EQUIPPED FORCE 121 00:10:16,304 --> 00:10:19,506 STRONG ENOUGH TO TAKE CARE OF ITSELF -- 122 00:10:19,557 --> 00:10:21,608 GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER. 123 00:10:21,675 --> 00:10:24,494 Narrator: AT THE HEAD OF THE EXPEDITION 124 00:10:24,561 --> 00:10:28,465 RODE THE ARMY'S MOST CELEBRATED INDIAN FIGHTER, 125 00:10:28,532 --> 00:10:32,085 THE COMMANDER OF THE SEVENTH CAVALRY, 126 00:10:32,152 --> 00:10:34,739 GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER. 127 00:10:38,726 --> 00:10:40,277 AN OHIO BLACKSMITH'S SON 128 00:10:40,344 --> 00:10:44,114 WHO WAS GRADUATED AT THE BOTTOM OF HIS CLASS AT WEST POINT, 129 00:10:44,181 --> 00:10:49,636 AT 23 HE HAD BECOME THE YOUNGEST GENERAL IN THE UNION ARMY. 130 00:10:49,704 --> 00:10:52,172 IMPULSIVE AND HIGH-SPIRITED, 131 00:10:52,238 --> 00:10:56,376 HE HAD LED THE CHARGE AGAINST THE CONFEDERATES 132 00:10:56,443 --> 00:10:59,529 AT GETTYSBURG, WINCHESTER, FIVE FORKS. 133 00:10:59,596 --> 00:11:04,418 ELEVEN HORSES HAD BEEN SHOT OUT FROM UNDER HIM. 134 00:11:04,485 --> 00:11:06,920 Custer:OH, COULD YOU HAVE BUT SEEN 135 00:11:06,986 --> 00:11:08,922 SOME OF THE CHARGES WE MADE! 136 00:11:08,989 --> 00:11:10,891 I GAVE THE COMMAND, "FORWARD!" 137 00:11:10,958 --> 00:11:14,277 AND I NEVER EXPECT TO SEE A PRETTIER SIGHT. 138 00:11:14,344 --> 00:11:18,064 WHILE THINKING OF THEM I CANNOT BUT EXCLAIM, 139 00:11:18,131 --> 00:11:20,167 "GLORIOUS WAR!" 140 00:11:20,233 --> 00:11:24,638 Narrator: HIS JUDGMENT WOULD OFTEN BE CALLED INTO QUESTION. 141 00:11:24,705 --> 00:11:28,776 BUT NO ONE EVER QUESTIONED HIS HEADLONG COURAGE. 142 00:11:28,843 --> 00:11:31,294 Man: HE WAS A SELF-PROMOTER. 143 00:11:31,361 --> 00:11:34,448 HE WAS A MAN WHO RODE TO THE TOP 144 00:11:34,515 --> 00:11:37,868 OVER THE BACKS OF FALLEN COMRADES. 145 00:11:37,951 --> 00:11:40,253 NOT THAT HE DIDN'T TAKE THE RISKS THAT THEY DID, 146 00:11:40,320 --> 00:11:41,672 BUT HE WAS TAKING THOSE RISKS 147 00:11:41,739 --> 00:11:43,841 SO THAT HE COULD GET PROMOTION FOR HIMSELF, 148 00:11:43,907 --> 00:11:45,292 AND A LOT OF MEN FELL 149 00:11:45,359 --> 00:11:47,161 BECAUSE CUSTER WAS LEADING THEM INTO SITUATIONS 150 00:11:47,228 --> 00:11:49,762 THAT HE SHOULDN'T HAVE BEEN LEADING THEM INTO. 151 00:11:49,829 --> 00:11:52,116 Narrator: ONCE HE'D COME WEST, 152 00:11:52,182 --> 00:11:55,735 CUSTER DESIGNED FOR HIMSELF A DISTINCTIVE COSTUME 153 00:11:55,803 --> 00:11:59,322 MEANT TO CATCH THE EYE OF VISITING NEWSPAPERMEN. 154 00:11:59,389 --> 00:12:02,809 THE CHEYENNE ESPECIALLY ADMIRED THE WAY HE LOOKED 155 00:12:02,860 --> 00:12:05,563 AND BEGAN TO CALL HIM "YELLOW HAIR." 156 00:12:05,629 --> 00:12:10,166 BUT DURING HIS FIRST CAMPAIGN AGAINST THEM IN 1867, 157 00:12:10,233 --> 00:12:14,187 HIS CAREER HAD VERY NEARLY COME TO AN END. 158 00:12:14,254 --> 00:12:16,506 OUT HUNTING ONE DAY WITH HIS HOUNDS, 159 00:12:16,573 --> 00:12:19,994 FAR FROM HIS COLUMN AND IN THE HEART OF INDIAN COUNTRY, 160 00:12:20,060 --> 00:12:23,280 HE GALLOPED AFTER A BUFFALO, AIMED HIS REVOLVER... 161 00:12:23,347 --> 00:12:25,216 [ GUNSHOT ] 162 00:12:25,282 --> 00:12:29,619 ...AND SOMEHOW SHOT HIS OWN HORSE THROUGH THE HEAD. 163 00:12:29,686 --> 00:12:31,521 Ambrose: THE HORSE DID A FLIP, AND HE DID A FLIP, 164 00:12:31,588 --> 00:12:32,940 AND HE CAME UP ON HIS FEET. 165 00:12:33,007 --> 00:12:35,175 NOW HERE HE WAS ALL ALONE OUT IN THE PRAIRIE 166 00:12:35,242 --> 00:12:37,377 IN THE MIDDLE OF HOSTILE TERRITORY, 167 00:12:37,444 --> 00:12:39,930 SUPPOSEDLY ON AN EXPEDITION AGAINST HOSTILE INDIANS, 168 00:12:39,996 --> 00:12:42,032 HAVING SHOT HIS HORSE IN THE HEAD 169 00:12:42,099 --> 00:12:43,950 ON A FOOL CHASE AFTER A BUFFALO. 170 00:12:44,017 --> 00:12:48,155 Narrator: ON FOOT, BRUISED, AND TOTALLY LOST, 171 00:12:48,222 --> 00:12:51,809 HE HAD TO BE RESCUED BY HIS OWN MEN. 172 00:12:51,875 --> 00:12:55,295 THEN, IN 1868, HE MOUNTED A SURPRISE ATTACK 173 00:12:55,362 --> 00:12:58,615 ON BLACK KETTLE'S CHEYENNE ON THE WASHITA 174 00:12:58,682 --> 00:13:02,720 THAT ESTABLISHED HIS REPUTATION AS AN INDIAN FIGHTER 175 00:13:02,786 --> 00:13:07,391 AND MADE HIM A HERO IN THE NEWSPAPERS. 176 00:13:07,458 --> 00:13:09,660 NOW, CUSTER AND HIS SOLDIERS 177 00:13:09,727 --> 00:13:14,598 HAD RIDDEN RIGHT INTO THE HEART OF THE BLACK HILLS, 178 00:13:14,664 --> 00:13:19,302 THE LAKOTA'S MOST PRIZED HUNTING GROUND. 179 00:13:19,369 --> 00:13:22,706 Custer:AUGUST 15, 1874. 180 00:13:22,773 --> 00:13:26,726 WE HAVE DISCOVERED A RICH AND BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY. 181 00:13:26,793 --> 00:13:29,813 WE HAVE BEEN IN AND THROUGH THE BLACK HILLS, 182 00:13:29,879 --> 00:13:32,933 AND I HAVE THE PROUD SATISFACTION OF KNOWING 183 00:13:33,000 --> 00:13:36,620 THAT OUR EXPLORATIONS HAVE EXCEEDED 184 00:13:36,686 --> 00:13:39,189 THE MOST SANGUINE EXPECTATIONS. 185 00:13:39,256 --> 00:13:43,393 AND I HAVE REACHED THE HUNTER'S HIGHEST ROUND OF FAME. 186 00:13:43,460 --> 00:13:47,380 I HAVE KILLED MY GRIZZLY. 187 00:13:47,447 --> 00:13:52,669 Narrator: CUSTER'S MEN FISHED, HUNTED, PLAYED BASEBALL, 188 00:13:52,736 --> 00:13:54,972 AND THEY FOUND GOLD -- 189 00:13:55,038 --> 00:13:58,158 NOT A REAL BONANZA, BUT ENOUGH TO PERSUADE THEM 190 00:13:58,225 --> 00:14:01,845 TO LINE UP SHOULDER TO SHOULDER ALONG THE CREEK 191 00:14:01,912 --> 00:14:04,298 TO TRY THEIR LUCK AT PANNING. 192 00:14:04,364 --> 00:14:09,470 MORE THAN ENOUGH TO INSPIRE WILD-EYED STORIES IN THE PRESS 193 00:14:09,536 --> 00:14:12,957 OF PAY DIRT FROM THE GRASS ROOTS DOWN. 194 00:14:13,023 --> 00:14:15,842 FROM EVERY CORNER OF THE COUNTRY, 195 00:14:15,909 --> 00:14:18,078 GOLD-HUNGRY WHITES POURED IN. 196 00:14:22,649 --> 00:14:26,853 THEY WOULD SOON BANG TOGETHER A DOZEN MINING CAMPS -- 197 00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:29,756 DEADWOOD, BLACKTAIL... 198 00:14:29,823 --> 00:14:31,909 GOLDEN GATE... 199 00:14:31,976 --> 00:14:35,679 AND CUSTER CITY. 200 00:14:39,032 --> 00:14:41,835 BUT THE MINER'S INVASION 201 00:14:41,902 --> 00:14:45,806 VIOLATED THE FORT LARAMIE TREATY OF 1868, 202 00:14:45,872 --> 00:14:49,059 SIGNED BY THE LAKOTA AND THE UNITED STATES 203 00:14:49,125 --> 00:14:53,347 AFTER YEARS OF COSTLY WARFARE ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS. 204 00:14:53,413 --> 00:15:00,287 IN THE TREATY, THE LAKOTA AGREED TO STOP HARASSING TRAVELERS, 205 00:15:00,353 --> 00:15:03,473 RAIDING SETTLERS, ATTACKING ARMY UNITS. 206 00:15:03,540 --> 00:15:07,678 IN EXCHANGE, THE UNITED STATES PROMISED THE LAKOTA 207 00:15:07,744 --> 00:15:10,997 THAT THE BLACK HILLS WOULD BE THEIRS FOREVER. 208 00:15:13,533 --> 00:15:17,804 Momaday: SO MANY TIMES, THE INDIANS WERE PROMISED 209 00:15:17,871 --> 00:15:20,190 THAT THEY COULD KEEP THE LAND, 210 00:15:20,257 --> 00:15:24,277 AND SO MANY TIMES THOSE PROMISES WERE BROKEN. 211 00:15:24,344 --> 00:15:27,130 I DON'T THINK THEY WERE NAIVE. 212 00:15:27,197 --> 00:15:29,499 I THINK THAT THE INDIANS 213 00:15:29,566 --> 00:15:33,537 UNDERSTOOD THE MEANING OF THE TREATIES 214 00:15:33,604 --> 00:15:37,774 AND WANTED VERY MUCH TO LIVE BY THEM. 215 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:40,343 BUT MANY OF THE TREATIES CAME TO NOTHING, 216 00:15:40,410 --> 00:15:47,818 AND SO THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT WAS ONE OF DISTRUST, BETRAYAL. 217 00:15:47,884 --> 00:15:51,621 Narrator: THE WHITES WHO FOLLOWED CUSTER'S PATH 218 00:15:51,688 --> 00:15:55,641 INTO THE BLACK HILLS CALLED IT THE "FREEDOM TRAIL." 219 00:15:55,708 --> 00:16:00,364 THE LAKOTA CALLED IT THE "THIEVES' ROAD." 220 00:16:00,430 --> 00:16:04,767 EITHER WAY, IT WOULD LEAD TO DISASTER. 221 00:16:09,506 --> 00:16:12,326 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 222 00:16:16,663 --> 00:16:22,853 I WILL REMAIN WHAT I AM UNTIL I DIE -- A HUNTER. 223 00:16:22,920 --> 00:16:26,940 AND WHEN THERE ARE NO BUFFALO OR OTHER GAME 224 00:16:27,006 --> 00:16:32,262 I WILL SEND MY CHILDREN TO HUNT AND LIVE ON PRAIRIE MICE, 225 00:16:32,328 --> 00:16:37,384 HERE AN INDIAN I WILL SEND MY CHILDREN TO HUNIS SHUT UP IN ONE PLACEICE,W 226 00:16:37,451 --> 00:16:40,404 HIS BODY BECOMES WEAK -- 227 00:16:40,470 --> 00:16:43,089 SITTING BULL. 228 00:16:43,156 --> 00:16:48,445 Narrator: THE LAKOTA HAD MANY LEADERS -- 229 00:16:48,512 --> 00:16:52,131 BLACK MOON, FOUR HORNS, GALL, CRAZY HORSE, 230 00:16:52,198 --> 00:16:56,186 BUT THE MAN TO WHOM EVEN THESE VETERAN FIGHTERS 231 00:16:56,253 --> 00:16:59,989 NOW LOOKED FOR GUIDANCE WAS SITTING BULL, 232 00:17:00,056 --> 00:17:01,608 A CHIEF AND HOLY MAN 233 00:17:01,675 --> 00:17:07,681 WHO WAS DETERMINED NEVER TO RELINQUISH THE BLACK HILLS. 234 00:17:07,747 --> 00:17:13,269 THEIR BANDS STILL HUNTED THE REMAINING BUFFALO HERDS 235 00:17:13,354 --> 00:17:14,571 ON THE NORTHERN PLAINS, 236 00:17:14,638 --> 00:17:18,124 AND SITTING BULL SCORNED THOSE INDIANS -- 237 00:17:18,191 --> 00:17:22,229 FROM OTHER TRIBES AND HIS OWN -- WHO HAD MOVED CLOSE TO AGENCIES 238 00:17:22,295 --> 00:17:24,782 AND DEPENDED ON THE GOVERNMENT TO FEED THEM. 239 00:17:24,848 --> 00:17:27,534 Sitting Bull:LOOK AT ME! 240 00:17:27,601 --> 00:17:31,621 SEE IF I AM POOR, OR MY PEOPLE, EITHER. 241 00:17:31,688 --> 00:17:36,026 THE WHITES MAY GET ME AT LAST, AS YOU SAY, 242 00:17:36,109 --> 00:17:39,629 BUT I WILL HAVE GOOD TIMES TILL THEN. 243 00:17:39,695 --> 00:17:42,883 YOU ARE FOOLS TO MAKE YOURSELVES SLAVES 244 00:17:42,949 --> 00:17:46,470 TO A PIECE OF FAT BACON, SOME HARDTACK, 245 00:17:46,536 --> 00:17:50,256 AND A LITTLE SUGAR AND COFFEE. 246 00:17:50,323 --> 00:17:56,529 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 247 00:17:56,596 --> 00:18:00,050 Narrator: SITTING BULL WAS BORN ABOUT 1831 248 00:18:00,116 --> 00:18:03,603 AT A PLACE THE LAKOTA CALLED "MANY CACHES," 249 00:18:03,669 --> 00:18:07,941 BECAUSE OF THE PITS FOR STORING FOOD THEY HAD DUG THERE, 250 00:18:08,007 --> 00:18:10,076 AND HE WOULD DEVOTE MUCH OF HIS LIFE 251 00:18:10,143 --> 00:18:14,014 SIMPLY TO INSURING THAT HIS PEOPLE HAD ENOUGH TO EAT. 252 00:18:14,080 --> 00:18:18,001 NO ONE HAD EARNED A GREATER REPUTATION FOR BRAVERY. 253 00:18:18,068 --> 00:18:21,137 HE COUNTED HIS FIRST COUP AT 14, 254 00:18:21,221 --> 00:18:23,172 DURING A RAID ON THE CROW, 255 00:18:23,239 --> 00:18:26,560 AND LED THE "STRONG HEART WARRIOR SOCIETY," 256 00:18:26,610 --> 00:18:30,863 WHOSE MEMBERS CAME TO ASCRIBE THEIR TRIUMPHS IN BATTLE 257 00:18:30,930 --> 00:18:35,601 TO THE EXTRAORDINARY POWER OF HIS VISIONS. 258 00:18:35,668 --> 00:18:37,254 IN THE MIDST OF A BATTLE 259 00:18:37,320 --> 00:18:39,873 WITH SOLDIERS GUARDING A RAILROAD CREW 260 00:18:39,939 --> 00:18:42,742 ON THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER IN 1872, 261 00:18:42,793 --> 00:18:48,248 HE AND FOUR OTHER WARRIORS STROLLED OUT BETWEEN THE LINES. 262 00:18:48,315 --> 00:18:50,716 SITTING BULL CALMLY SAT DOWN. 263 00:18:50,783 --> 00:18:54,420 WITH THE BULLETS PATTERING ALL AROUND HIM, 264 00:18:54,487 --> 00:18:56,789 HE FILLED HIS PIPE, SMOKED IT, 265 00:18:56,857 --> 00:19:00,310 PASSED IT BACK AND FORTH TO HIS COMPANIONS 266 00:19:00,376 --> 00:19:02,930 UNTIL THE BOWL WAS EMPTY. 267 00:19:02,996 --> 00:19:05,665 THEN, HE REAMED IT OUT AND WALKED AWAY. 268 00:19:05,732 --> 00:19:07,033 [ GUNSHOT ] 269 00:19:07,100 --> 00:19:10,353 HIS LAKOTA NAME, TATANKA-IYOTANKA, 270 00:19:10,420 --> 00:19:13,906 DESCRIBED AN INTRACTABLE BUFFALO BULL, 271 00:19:13,973 --> 00:19:18,629 SITTING ON ITS HAUNCHES, RESOLUTE IN THE FACE OF DANGER. 272 00:19:18,695 --> 00:19:21,297 Woman: SITTING BULL WAS ONE OF THOSE MEN 273 00:19:21,364 --> 00:19:23,600 WHO DURING HIS LIFE WAS AN EPITOME 274 00:19:23,666 --> 00:19:26,386 OF EVERYTHING A LAKOTA MAN WOULD WANT TO BE. 275 00:19:26,453 --> 00:19:28,038 YOUNG MEN WOULD FOLLOW HIM 276 00:19:28,104 --> 00:19:31,457 HOPING THAT IT WOULD STILL BE POSSIBLE SOMEHOW 277 00:19:31,524 --> 00:19:35,362 TO REMAIN IN SOME HOMELAND, SOME LAKOTA HOMELAND, 278 00:19:35,429 --> 00:19:37,164 IN WHICH THEY REALLY WOULD BE FREE. 279 00:19:37,230 --> 00:19:41,183 Narrator: BY THE WINTER OF 1875, 280 00:19:41,251 --> 00:19:47,257 SOME 15,000 MINERS HAD CROWDED INTO THE BLACK HILLS. 281 00:19:47,324 --> 00:19:49,693 UNDER THE FORT LARAMIE TREATY, 282 00:19:49,759 --> 00:19:53,930 IT WAS THE ARMY'S TASK TO DRIVE THE PROSPECTORS OUT. 283 00:19:53,996 --> 00:19:58,534 BUT THEIR GROWING NUMBERS MADE IT POLITICALLY IMPOSSIBLE. 284 00:19:58,602 --> 00:20:01,687 ANOTHER SOLUTION HAD TO BE FOUND. 285 00:20:01,754 --> 00:20:07,710 A SENATE COMMISSION WAS SENT WEST TO RENEGOTIATE THE TREATY, 286 00:20:07,794 --> 00:20:12,165 AND SOME 20,000 LAKOTA CAME TO MEET WITH THEM. 287 00:20:12,232 --> 00:20:16,670 THE COMMISSION WAS PREPARED TO OFFER $6 MILLION 288 00:20:16,736 --> 00:20:19,039 FOR THE BLACK HILLS, 289 00:20:19,105 --> 00:20:21,507 BUT THE LAKOTA WANTED A SUM LARGE ENOUGH 290 00:20:21,574 --> 00:20:25,812 SO THAT THEIR PEOPLE COULD LIVE OFF IT FOREVER. 291 00:20:25,879 --> 00:20:29,466 SITTING BULL, CRAZY HORSE, AND OTHER DEFIANT WARRIORS 292 00:20:29,532 --> 00:20:32,819 STAYED AWAY FROM THE COUNCIL ENTIRELY, 293 00:20:32,885 --> 00:20:37,640 UNWILLING EVEN TO DISCUSS A SALE OF THEIR MOST SACRED PLACE. 294 00:20:37,707 --> 00:20:40,043 I WANT TO HUNT IN THIS PLACE. 295 00:20:40,109 --> 00:20:43,396 I WANT YOU TO TURN BACK FROM HERE. 296 00:20:43,462 --> 00:20:47,467 I WANT YOU TO LEAVE WHAT YOU HAVE GOT HERE 297 00:20:47,534 --> 00:20:48,952 AND TURN BACK. 298 00:20:49,018 --> 00:20:54,458 IF YOU DON'T, I'LL FIGHT YOU -- 299 00:20:54,524 --> 00:20:57,694 SITTING BULL. 300 00:20:57,761 --> 00:21:01,465 Narrator: WASHINGTON DECIDED TO CLAMP DOWN, 301 00:21:01,531 --> 00:21:03,966 AND ORDERED ALL THE CHIEFS 302 00:21:04,033 --> 00:21:08,137 TO COME INTO THE RESERVATION HEADQUARTERS 303 00:21:08,204 --> 00:21:10,140 BY JANUARY 31, 1876. 304 00:21:10,206 --> 00:21:13,559 WHEN SITTING BULL AND THE OTHERS REFUSED, 305 00:21:13,626 --> 00:21:15,112 GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER 306 00:21:15,178 --> 00:21:18,465 AND A LARGE PART OF THE U.S. ARMY IN THE WEST 307 00:21:18,531 --> 00:21:20,867 WERE ORDERED TO BRING THEM IN. 308 00:21:37,667 --> 00:21:42,439 Man:I AM NOW WEARING TWO FLANNEL AND A BUCKSKIN SHIRT, 309 00:21:42,505 --> 00:21:47,043 ONE PAIR OF DRAWERS, TROUSERS OF BUCKSKIN 310 00:21:47,110 --> 00:21:51,998 AND A PAIR OF ARMY TROUSERS, TWO PAIRS WOOLEN SOCKS, 311 00:21:52,064 --> 00:21:55,985 A PAIR OF BUFFALO OVERSHOES AND BIG BOOTS, 312 00:21:56,069 --> 00:21:58,405 A HEAVY PAIR OF BLANKET LEGGINGS, 313 00:21:58,471 --> 00:22:00,807 A THICK BLOUSE AND HEAVY OVERCOAT, 314 00:22:00,874 --> 00:22:02,492 A HEAVY WOOLEN CAP 315 00:22:02,575 --> 00:22:05,929 THAT COMPLETELY COVERS MY HEAD, FACE, AND NECK 316 00:22:05,996 --> 00:22:10,299 EXCEPT NOSE AND EYES, AND STILL I AM NOT HAPPY. 317 00:22:12,902 --> 00:22:17,857 Narrator: THE UNITED STATES ARMY HAD AN IMPOSSIBLE JOB -- 318 00:22:17,924 --> 00:22:21,961 POLICING SOME 2 1/2 MILLION SQUARE MILES OF LAND 319 00:22:22,029 --> 00:22:27,417 BETWEEN THE MISSOURI AND THE EASTERN SLOPE OF THE SIERRAS. 320 00:22:27,484 --> 00:22:30,503 THERE WERE NEVER MORE THAN 15,000 MEN 321 00:22:30,570 --> 00:22:33,889 SCATTERED AMONG 100 FORTS AND OUTPOSTS, 322 00:22:33,957 --> 00:22:38,595 YET THEY WERE SOMEHOW EXPECTED TO DEFEND SETTLERS, RANCHERS, 323 00:22:38,661 --> 00:22:40,530 MINERS, AND RAILROAD CREWS, 324 00:22:40,597 --> 00:22:44,834 KEEP THOUSANDS OF INDIANS CONFINED TO THEIR RESERVATIONS, 325 00:22:44,901 --> 00:22:49,572 AND KEEP TENS OF THOUSANDS OF WHITES OUT OF INDIAN LANDS. 326 00:22:49,639 --> 00:22:53,893 EVEN THOUGH ARMY PAY WAS LOW -- JUST $13 A MONTH -- 327 00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:56,162 STEADY JOBS WERE SCARCE 328 00:22:56,212 --> 00:23:01,718 DURING THE ECONOMIC SLUMP THAT FOLLOWED THE CIVIL WAR. 329 00:23:01,785 --> 00:23:04,504 Man:I WAS A BOY DURING THE CIVIL WAR. 330 00:23:04,570 --> 00:23:05,722 THERE WAS AN ARMY CAMP NEAR 331 00:23:05,789 --> 00:23:08,875 AND I GUESS I SOAKED IN SOME OF THE GAME, 332 00:23:08,942 --> 00:23:11,778 FOR LATER, EVERY TIME I GOT SPIFLICATED 333 00:23:11,845 --> 00:23:13,379 I WANTED TO ENLIST. 334 00:23:13,445 --> 00:23:16,599 I THOUGHT IT WOULD BE LIKE THE VOLUNTEERS 335 00:23:16,666 --> 00:23:19,719 DURING THE CIVIL WAR, BUT I FOUND OUT THE MISTAKE. 336 00:23:19,786 --> 00:23:23,790 THE REGULAR ARMY WAS A TOUGH BUNCH IN THOSE DAYS. 337 00:23:23,856 --> 00:23:27,077 Narrator: ARMY RANKS WERE FILLED WITH IMMIGRANTS, 338 00:23:27,144 --> 00:23:30,397 SOME OF WHOM COULD SPEAK ALMOST NO ENGLISH. 339 00:23:30,463 --> 00:23:34,867 THERE WERE DRIFTERS, TOO, MEN WITH ASSUMED NAMES, 340 00:23:34,934 --> 00:23:38,904 MEN ESCAPING BAD MARRIAGES... OR THE LAW. 341 00:23:38,972 --> 00:23:41,023 SOME OF THE RECRUITS I JOINED WITH 342 00:23:41,091 --> 00:23:43,626 HAD NO DOUBT SERVED IN SOME PENITENTIARY 343 00:23:43,693 --> 00:23:47,464 BEFORE ENLISTING, AND I SHOULDN'T WONDER 344 00:23:47,530 --> 00:23:51,601 THAT SOME WENT BACK TO THEIR OLD PRISONS 345 00:23:51,667 --> 00:23:55,054 AS A HAVEN OF REST AND DECENT TREATMENT -- 346 00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:58,642 PRIVATE C.C. CHRISMAN, 13th INFANTRY. 347 00:23:58,708 --> 00:24:04,414 Narrator: BOREDOM WAS ALL THE MEN COULD DEPEND UPON -- 348 00:24:04,480 --> 00:24:07,217 THREE TO FIVE YEARS OF IT. 349 00:24:07,283 --> 00:24:12,705 THEY QUARRELED, DRANK, PITTED RED ANTS AGAINST BLACK ANTS 350 00:24:12,772 --> 00:24:15,591 JUST TO STIR THINGS UP. 351 00:24:15,658 --> 00:24:18,978 AND THEY LIVED FOR NEWS FROM HOME. 352 00:24:19,045 --> 00:24:24,366 Man:WHAT WOULD OUR LIVES BE WITHOUT MAIL? 353 00:24:24,434 --> 00:24:31,074 A NULLITY, A VOID, A HATED, WEARY BURDEN OF NOTHINGNESS. 354 00:24:31,141 --> 00:24:34,394 IT IS THE ONLY CONNECTING LINK 355 00:24:34,461 --> 00:24:37,614 BETWEEN US AND CIVILIZATION, 356 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:41,918 BETWEEN THE DREARY MONOTONY OF THE PRESENT 357 00:24:41,984 --> 00:24:45,104 AND THE EXCITING PLEASURES OF THE PAST, 358 00:24:45,171 --> 00:24:52,061 THE ONE SOLE OASIS IN THE DESERT OF OUR LIVES. 359 00:24:55,481 --> 00:25:00,303 Narrator: ARMY FOOD WAS ALMOST ALWAYS UNPALATABLE, 360 00:25:00,370 --> 00:25:02,055 SOMETIMES INEDIBLE. 361 00:25:02,121 --> 00:25:05,374 HARDTACK -- FLOUR AND WATER BISCUITS -- 362 00:25:05,441 --> 00:25:07,927 DELIVERED TO THE SEVENTH CAVALRY 363 00:25:07,993 --> 00:25:12,732 WAS SIX YEARS OLD, AND HAD TO BE SHATTERED WITH A HAMMER. 364 00:25:20,356 --> 00:25:23,543 WHISKEY WAS THE SOLDIER'S CURSE -- 365 00:25:23,609 --> 00:25:26,212 FORTY MEN OUT OF EVERY THOUSAND 366 00:25:26,279 --> 00:25:29,131 WERE HOSPITALIZED FOR ALCOHOLISM. 367 00:25:29,198 --> 00:25:31,901 TWICE AS MANY KILLED THEMSELVES. 368 00:25:31,968 --> 00:25:35,438 BUT DISEASE WAS THE WORST KILLER. 369 00:25:35,505 --> 00:25:36,990 IN JUST TWO YEARS, 370 00:25:37,056 --> 00:25:40,960 THE SEVENTH CAVALRY LOST 51 MEN TO CHOLERA. 371 00:25:41,027 --> 00:25:45,631 MOST SOLDIERS NEVER MET AN INDIAN IN BATTLE. 372 00:25:45,698 --> 00:25:49,436 SOME NEVER SAW AN INDIAN AT ALL. 373 00:25:49,502 --> 00:25:54,373 DAKOTA TERRITORY, MARCH 5, 1876. 374 00:25:54,440 --> 00:25:56,008 DEAR SISTER, 375 00:25:56,075 --> 00:26:00,263 I THINK WE WILL HAVE SOME HARD TIMES THIS SUMMER. 376 00:26:00,330 --> 00:26:02,248 THE OLD CHIEF, SITTING BULL, 377 00:26:02,314 --> 00:26:04,701 SAYS THAT HE WILL NOT MAKE PEACE WITH THE WHITES 378 00:26:04,768 --> 00:26:07,102 AS LONG AS HE HAS A MAN TO FIGHT. 379 00:26:07,169 --> 00:26:10,356 AS SOON AS I GET BACK FROM THE CAMPAIGN 380 00:26:10,423 --> 00:26:12,524 I WILL WRITE YOU. 381 00:26:12,591 --> 00:26:15,845 THAT IS, IF I DO NOT GET MY HAIR LIFTED BY SOME INDIAN. 382 00:26:15,912 --> 00:26:18,547 FROM YOUR LOVING BROTHER -- 383 00:26:18,614 --> 00:26:21,968 T.P. EAGAN, SEVENTH CAVALRY. 384 00:26:30,710 --> 00:26:35,665 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 385 00:26:35,731 --> 00:26:41,020 Narrator: SOMETIME IN THE EARLY SPRING OF 1876, 386 00:26:41,087 --> 00:26:47,210 SITTING BULL CLIMBED TO A HILLTOP, SEEKING A VISION. 387 00:26:47,276 --> 00:26:52,214 IN HIS DREAM, A GREAT DUST STORM SWIRLED DOWN 388 00:26:52,282 --> 00:26:58,020 UPON A SMALL, WHITE CLOUD THAT RESEMBLED A LAKOTA VILLAGE. 389 00:26:58,104 --> 00:27:00,907 THROUGH THE WHIRLWIND, 390 00:27:00,973 --> 00:27:05,077 SITTING BULL COULD SEE SOLDIERS MARCHING. 391 00:27:05,144 --> 00:27:10,182 THE LITTLE CLOUD WAS SWALLOWED UP FOR A TIME, 392 00:27:10,249 --> 00:27:13,486 BUT THE STORM EVENTUALLY DISSIPATED, 393 00:27:13,552 --> 00:27:16,489 AND THE VILLAGE EMERGED UNHARMED. 394 00:27:16,556 --> 00:27:20,292 IT WAS AN ENCOURAGING DREAM, 395 00:27:20,359 --> 00:27:28,535 AND IN THE SPRING OF 1876, THE LAKOTA NEEDED ENCOURAGEMENT. 396 00:27:28,601 --> 00:27:31,788 HUMANITARIANS MAY WEEP FOR THE POOR INDIAN 397 00:27:31,854 --> 00:27:35,007 AND TELL THE WRONGS HE HAS SUFFERED, 398 00:27:35,074 --> 00:27:36,676 BUT HE IS PASSING AWAY. 399 00:27:36,742 --> 00:27:40,295 THE AMERICAN PEOPLE NEED THE COUNTRY 400 00:27:40,362 --> 00:27:42,564 THE INDIANS NOW OCCUPY. 401 00:27:42,632 --> 00:27:46,385 MANY OF OUR PEOPLE ARE OUT OF EMPLOYMENT. 402 00:27:46,436 --> 00:27:50,323 THE MASSES NEED SOME NEW EXCITEMENT. 403 00:27:50,389 --> 00:27:54,427 AN INDIAN WAR WOULD DO NO HARM, 404 00:27:54,493 --> 00:27:57,380 FOR IT MUST COME SOONER OR LATER -- 405 00:27:57,446 --> 00:28:00,666 MARK KELLOGG, "BISMARCK TRIBUNE." 406 00:28:00,733 --> 00:28:03,269 Narrator: IN HIS OFFICE IN CHICAGO, 407 00:28:03,336 --> 00:28:06,856 GENERAL PHILIP SHERIDAN HAD ALREADY DRAWN UP A PLAN 408 00:28:06,922 --> 00:28:09,975 THAT WOULD SEND THREE COLUMNS OF SOLDIERS 409 00:28:10,042 --> 00:28:13,562 TO DRIVE SITTING BULL AND THE OTHER DEFIANT CHIEFS 410 00:28:13,629 --> 00:28:15,497 ONTO THE RESERVATIONS. 411 00:28:15,564 --> 00:28:19,518 ONE COLUMN, LED BY BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE CROOK, 412 00:28:19,585 --> 00:28:22,706 WAS TO MOVE NORTH FROM FORT FETTERMAN. 413 00:28:22,772 --> 00:28:25,491 ANOTHER, UNDER COLONEL JOHN GIBBON, 414 00:28:25,558 --> 00:28:28,844 WAS TO MARCH EAST FROM WESTERN MONTANA. 415 00:28:28,911 --> 00:28:33,082 THE THIRD, COMMANDED BY GENERAL ALFRED TERRY, 416 00:28:33,149 --> 00:28:35,852 MARCHED WEST FROM FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 417 00:28:35,919 --> 00:28:40,189 WITH HIM WENT THE 566 ENLISTED MEN 418 00:28:40,256 --> 00:28:44,060 AND 31 OFFICERS OF THE SEVENTH CAVALRY, 419 00:28:44,127 --> 00:28:46,529 LED BY GEORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER. 420 00:28:46,595 --> 00:28:51,551 THEY MOVED OUT TO THE TUNE OF "THE GIRL I LEFT BEHIND ME." 421 00:28:51,618 --> 00:28:53,269 GENERAL GEORGE A. CUSTER, 422 00:28:53,336 --> 00:28:56,489 DRESSED IN A DASHING SUIT OF BUCKSKIN, 423 00:28:56,555 --> 00:28:58,090 IS PROMINENT EVERYWHERE. 424 00:28:58,157 --> 00:29:01,277 THE GENERAL IS FULL OF PERFECT READINESS 425 00:29:01,343 --> 00:29:05,264 FOR A FRAY WITH THE HOSTILE RED DEVILS, 426 00:29:05,330 --> 00:29:07,366 AND WOE TO THE BODY OF SCALP-LIFTERS 427 00:29:07,433 --> 00:29:09,735 THAT COMES WITHIN REACH OF HIMSELF 428 00:29:09,802 --> 00:29:12,021 AND BRAVE COMPANIONS IN ARMS -- 429 00:29:12,087 --> 00:29:14,957 "BISMARCK TRIBUNE." 430 00:29:15,024 --> 00:29:17,527 Narrator: NONE OF THE COMMANDERS 431 00:29:17,593 --> 00:29:22,098 KNEW PRECISELY WHERE SITTING BULL AND HIS FOLLOWERS WERE, 432 00:29:22,165 --> 00:29:26,568 BUT THEY WERE CONFIDENT THAT ONE COLUMN OR ANOTHER 433 00:29:26,653 --> 00:29:28,404 WOULD FIND AND DESTROY THEM. 434 00:29:33,659 --> 00:29:38,297 Narrator: ON JUNE 6, SOME 3,000 LAKOTA AND CHEYENNE 435 00:29:38,364 --> 00:29:42,902 WERE CAMPED ALONG ROSEBUD CREEK IN MONTANA. 436 00:29:42,969 --> 00:29:46,355 THERE, THEY HELD THEIR MOST SACRED RITUAL -- 437 00:29:46,422 --> 00:29:47,990 A SUN DANCE -- 438 00:29:48,057 --> 00:29:52,761 IN WHICH PRAYERS WERE OFFERED AND VOWS MADE TO WAKAN TANKA, 439 00:29:52,828 --> 00:29:56,082 THEIR GREAT SPIRIT. 440 00:29:59,368 --> 00:30:04,206 SITTING BULL SLASHED HIS ARMS 100 TIMES 441 00:30:04,273 --> 00:30:06,508 AS A SIGN OF SACRIFICE. 442 00:30:06,575 --> 00:30:09,062 THEN HE HAD ANOTHER VISION. 443 00:30:13,432 --> 00:30:16,602 THE SOLDIERS CAME AGAIN TO ATTACK HIS PEOPLE -- 444 00:30:16,669 --> 00:30:19,622 "AS MANY AS GRASSHOPPERS," HE SAID, 445 00:30:19,689 --> 00:30:22,357 BUT THIS TIME THEY WERE UPSIDE DOWN, 446 00:30:22,424 --> 00:30:24,626 THEIR HORSE'S HOOVES IN THE AIR, 447 00:30:24,711 --> 00:30:27,180 THEIR HATS TUMBLING TO THE GROUND 448 00:30:27,246 --> 00:30:30,683 AS THEY RODE INTO THE LAKOTA CAMP. 449 00:30:34,553 --> 00:30:37,256 Man: HE HAS THIS TREMENDOUS VISION 450 00:30:37,323 --> 00:30:39,592 THAT HE TELLS THE PEOPLE ABOUT 451 00:30:39,659 --> 00:30:43,563 THAT THE SOLDIERS ARE GOING TO FALL INTO THE CAMP 452 00:30:43,629 --> 00:30:47,216 AND THAT THERE'S GOING TO BE THIS GREAT VICTORY. 453 00:30:47,282 --> 00:30:49,519 AND ARMED WITH THIS VISION, 454 00:30:49,585 --> 00:30:53,172 THE WARRIORS GO OUT LOOKING FOR SOMEBODY TO FIGHT. 455 00:30:53,238 --> 00:30:55,958 Narrator: ON THE MORNING OF JUNE 17, 456 00:30:56,025 --> 00:30:59,711 GENERAL CROOK'S COLUMN HAD STOPPED TO BREW COFFEE 457 00:30:59,778 --> 00:31:01,614 ON THE BANK OF THE ROSEBUD, 458 00:31:01,680 --> 00:31:05,000 SURE THAT NO INDIANS WOULD DARE ATTACK 459 00:31:05,067 --> 00:31:07,736 SO LARGE A FORCE AS THEIRS. 460 00:31:07,803 --> 00:31:09,372 [ GUNSHOTS ] 461 00:31:11,524 --> 00:31:14,843 SUDDENLY, CRAZY HORSE AND MORE THAN 500 SIOUX 462 00:31:14,910 --> 00:31:19,115 AND CHEYENNE WARRIORS RODE DOWN UPON THEM. 463 00:31:19,181 --> 00:31:23,035 SITTING BULL'S ARMS WERE TOO SWOLLEN FROM THE SUN DANCE 464 00:31:23,102 --> 00:31:27,039 TO FIGHT, BUT HE URGED THE YOUNG MEN INTO BATTLE. 465 00:31:27,106 --> 00:31:31,978 CROOK'S COMMAND INCLUDED CROW AND SHOSHONE SCOUTS 466 00:31:32,044 --> 00:31:35,882 EAGER TO FIGHT THEIR ENEMIES THE CHEYENNE AND LAKOTA 467 00:31:35,948 --> 00:31:37,800 WHO HAD ONCE TAKEN THEIR LANDS. 468 00:31:37,866 --> 00:31:39,635 [ GUNSHOTS ] 469 00:31:43,656 --> 00:31:46,792 IN THE FIERCE, DESPERATE FIGHT THAT FOLLOWED, 470 00:31:46,843 --> 00:31:50,963 THE INDIAN SCOUTS TWICE RESCUED THE SOLDIERS 471 00:31:51,030 --> 00:31:55,934 BY RIDING THROUGH THE LAKOTA AND CHEYENNE RANKS. 472 00:32:07,663 --> 00:32:11,801 UNNERVED BY THE ENEMY SHOW OF FORCE, 473 00:32:11,868 --> 00:32:16,472 CROOK WITHDREW THE NEXT MORNING. 474 00:32:16,538 --> 00:32:20,976 THE LAKOTA AND CHEYENNE MOVED NORTH AND FORMED A NEW CAMP 475 00:32:21,043 --> 00:32:25,481 WHERE FOR SIX DAYS THEY CELEBRATED THEIR VICTORY 476 00:32:25,548 --> 00:32:30,836 ALONG A WINDING STREAM THEY CALLED "THE GREASY GRASS." 477 00:32:30,903 --> 00:32:34,723 WHITES CALLED IT "THE LITTLE BIGHORN." 478 00:32:38,177 --> 00:32:42,782 NarratSTER MET ON THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER 479 00:32:42,848 --> 00:32:45,718 WITH COLONEL GIBBON AND THEIR SUPERIOR, 480 00:32:45,785 --> 00:32:48,187 BRIGADIER GENERAL ALFRED TERRY. 481 00:32:48,253 --> 00:32:50,456 THEY KNEW NOTHING OF CROOK'S RETREAT. 482 00:32:50,522 --> 00:32:54,543 TERRY ORDERED GIBBON TO MARCH TO THE MOUTH OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN, 483 00:32:54,627 --> 00:32:57,463 WHILE CUSTER AND THE SEVENTH CAVALRY -- 484 00:32:57,530 --> 00:32:59,731 IF THEY COULD LOCATE THE INDIANS -- 485 00:32:59,798 --> 00:33:03,936 WOULD DRIVE THEM DOWN THE VALLEY TOWARD GIBBON AND ANNIHILATION. 486 00:33:04,002 --> 00:33:07,956 AS CUSTER ROAD OFF, GIBBON CALLED OUT TO HIM, 487 00:33:08,023 --> 00:33:12,261 "NOW, CUSTER, DON'T BE GREEDY. WAIT FOR US." 488 00:33:12,328 --> 00:33:17,733 "NO," HE SAID, "I WILL NOT." 489 00:33:17,800 --> 00:33:20,552 Custer:I NOW HAVE SOME CROW SCOUTS WITH ME. 490 00:33:20,619 --> 00:33:22,821 THEY ARE MAGNIFICENT-LOOKING MEN, 491 00:33:22,889 --> 00:33:25,424 SO MUCH HANDSOMER AND MORE INDIAN-LIKE 492 00:33:25,491 --> 00:33:27,359 THAN ANY WE HAVE EVER SEEN. 493 00:33:27,426 --> 00:33:29,327 AND JOLLY AND SPORTIVE -- 494 00:33:29,395 --> 00:33:33,049 NOTHING OF THE GLOOMY, SILENT RED MAN ABOUT THEM. 495 00:33:33,115 --> 00:33:37,019 THEY SAID THEY HAD HEARD THAT I NEVER ABANDONED A TRAIL, 496 00:33:37,086 --> 00:33:40,539 THAT WHEN MY FOOD GAVE OUT I ATE MULE. 497 00:33:40,605 --> 00:33:45,695 THAT WAS THE KIND OF MAN THEY WANTED TO FIGHT UNDER. 498 00:33:45,762 --> 00:33:49,148 THEY WERE WILLING TO EAT MULE, TOO. 499 00:33:49,215 --> 00:33:50,733 Man: I KNOW FIVE OF THOSE SCOUTS, 500 00:33:50,799 --> 00:33:53,886 THEY WERE OLD MEN WHEN I WAS A YOUNG FELLOW, 501 00:33:53,953 --> 00:33:58,357 INCLUDING MY GRANDFATHER, "WHITE MAN RUNS HIM." 502 00:33:58,424 --> 00:34:04,880 WHY WOULD A TRIBE OF INDIANS DECIDED TO FIGHT OTHER TRIBES 503 00:34:04,946 --> 00:34:07,817 IN BEHALF OF THE WHITE MAN? 504 00:34:07,884 --> 00:34:10,285 SIOUXS WON'T LET US FORGET THAT. 505 00:34:10,352 --> 00:34:13,072 THEY ALWAYS SAY, "YOU CROWS ARE NO GOOD. 506 00:34:13,138 --> 00:34:14,323 "YOU'RE WHITE LOVERS. 507 00:34:14,390 --> 00:34:17,643 YOU'LL HELP THEM FIGHT AGAINST US." 508 00:34:17,709 --> 00:34:19,178 BUT THEY FORGOT THE FACT 509 00:34:19,244 --> 00:34:22,214 THAT THEY CAME OUT HERE TO ANNIHILATE US, 510 00:34:22,281 --> 00:34:23,716 TAKE OUR LAND AWAY FROM US. 511 00:34:23,782 --> 00:34:26,919 SO THERE WAS A MATTER OF PROTECTION. 512 00:34:28,237 --> 00:34:31,523 Narrator: FEARFUL THAT SITTING BULL WOULD ELUDE HIM, 513 00:34:31,590 --> 00:34:37,730 CUSTER PUSHED HIS COLUMN HARD UNDER A MERCILESS PRAIRIE SUN -- 514 00:34:37,797 --> 00:34:41,901 12 MILES THE FIRST DAY, 33 THE SECOND, 28 THE THIRD. 515 00:34:45,487 --> 00:34:49,725 THE EXHAUSTED TROOPERS BEGAN TO GRUMBLE ABOUT THE MAN 516 00:34:49,792 --> 00:34:53,078 THEY PRIVATELY CALLED "HARD ASS." 517 00:34:54,947 --> 00:34:57,216 THEY FOUND THE INDIANS' TRAIL, 518 00:34:57,283 --> 00:34:59,751 BUT DID NOT GRASP THE FULL MEANING 519 00:34:59,802 --> 00:35:02,472 OF THE FRESH LAYERS OF PONY TRACKS 520 00:35:02,538 --> 00:35:05,357 THAT SEEMED TO CROSS AND RECROSS IT. 521 00:35:05,424 --> 00:35:09,528 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 522 00:35:09,595 --> 00:35:14,616 IN THE LAST FEW DAYS, 3,000 MORE INDIANS -- 523 00:35:14,683 --> 00:35:18,203 LAKOTA, ARAPAHO AND CHEYENNE -- 524 00:35:18,270 --> 00:35:22,241 HAD LEFT THE RESERVATIONS TO JOIN SITTING BULL. 525 00:35:22,307 --> 00:35:27,079 THEIR ENCAMPMENT NOW STRETCHED FOR THREE MILES 526 00:35:27,146 --> 00:35:29,598 ALONG THE GREASY GRASS. 527 00:35:29,665 --> 00:35:32,301 IN IT WERE MORE THAN 6,000 INDIANS. 528 00:35:32,368 --> 00:35:35,888 1,800 OF THEM WERE WARRIORS. 529 00:35:40,476 --> 00:35:45,447 ON THE EVENING OF JUNE 24, SITTING BULL MADE HIS WAY 530 00:35:45,514 --> 00:35:50,536 TO A RIDGE THAT OVERLOOKED THE ENCAMPMENT. 531 00:35:50,603 --> 00:35:53,656 THERE, HE MADE OFFERINGS TO THE GREAT SPIRIT 532 00:35:53,722 --> 00:35:56,324 AND PRAYED FOR THE PROTECTION OF HIS PEOPLE. 533 00:35:56,392 --> 00:35:58,911 WAKAN TANKA, PITY ME. 534 00:35:58,977 --> 00:36:07,086 IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE I OFFER YOU THIS SACRED PIPE. 535 00:36:07,153 --> 00:36:11,807 WHEREVER THE SUN, THE MOON, THE EARTH, 536 00:36:11,873 --> 00:36:18,147 THE FOUR POINTS OF THE WIND, THEREYOUARE ALWAYS. 537 00:36:18,214 --> 00:36:24,336 SAVE THE PEOPLE, I BEG YOU. WE WANT TO LIVE. 538 00:36:24,403 --> 00:36:29,608 GUARD US AGAINST ALL MISFORTUNE. 539 00:36:29,674 --> 00:36:30,509 PITY ME -- 540 00:36:30,576 --> 00:36:33,262 TATANKA-IYOTANKA. 541 00:36:40,619 --> 00:36:44,356 Narrator: THE NEXT DAY WAS JUNE 25, A SUNDAY, 542 00:36:44,423 --> 00:36:46,458 CLOUDLESS AND HOT. 543 00:36:46,524 --> 00:36:51,913 CUSTER'S CROW SCOUTS SPOTTED THE VILLAGE FROM A DISTANT HILLTOP. 544 00:36:51,980 --> 00:36:55,167 THEY CALLED CUSTER UP TO HAVE A LOOK. 545 00:36:55,234 --> 00:36:59,421 EVEN WITH A TELESCOPE, HE WAS UNABLE TO SEE 546 00:36:59,505 --> 00:37:03,525 MUCH MORE THAN A WHITE BLUR ON THE VALLEY FLOOR. 547 00:37:03,592 --> 00:37:07,646 HIS ONLY CONCERN WAS THAT HE HAD ALREADY BEEN SPOTTED -- 548 00:37:07,713 --> 00:37:10,082 THAT UNLESS HE ATTACKED RIGHT AWAY, 549 00:37:10,149 --> 00:37:14,452 THE INDIANS WOULD SPLIT UP AND FLEE IN SO MANY DIFFERENT BANDS 550 00:37:14,519 --> 00:37:17,172 THAT HE COULD NEVER STOP THEM. 551 00:37:17,239 --> 00:37:19,208 Ambrose: CUSTER HAD NEVER YET ENCOUNTERED 552 00:37:19,275 --> 00:37:22,561 AN INDIAN BAND THAT WOULDN'T RUN WHEN THE CAVALRY ATTACKED, 553 00:37:22,628 --> 00:37:26,231 SO HE PUSHED TO AN ATTACK AS QUICKLY AS IT COULD BE MOUNTED. 554 00:37:26,298 --> 00:37:29,802 DREADFUL MISTAKE ON HIS PART BECAUSE HIS MEN WERE EXHAUSTED. 555 00:37:29,868 --> 00:37:33,388 HE SHOULD HAVE BIVOUACKED, GIVEN THEM A NIGHT'S SLEEP, 556 00:37:33,455 --> 00:37:36,375 SENT OUT SOME SCOUTS TO FIND OUT HOW FAR THAT VILLAGE EXTENDS 557 00:37:36,442 --> 00:37:37,859 IN THIS DIRECTION AND THAT, 558 00:37:37,927 --> 00:37:40,946 BECAUSE MUCH OF IT WAS HIDDEN BY WOODS ALONG THE LITTLE BIG HORN. 559 00:37:44,015 --> 00:37:46,151 Narrator: HE KNEW NOTHING OF THE TERRAIN, 560 00:37:46,218 --> 00:37:49,305 COULD NOT TELL HOW MANY INDIANS AWAITED HIM. 561 00:37:49,372 --> 00:37:51,806 BUT IT HAD BEEN A SURPRISE ATTACK 562 00:37:51,873 --> 00:37:55,410 THAT HAD ALLOWED HIM TO DESTROY BLACK KETTLE'S CHEYENNE 563 00:37:55,477 --> 00:37:58,530 ON THE WASHITA EIGHT YEARS EARLIER. 564 00:37:58,597 --> 00:38:01,767 A VICTORY HERE SEEMED JUST AS LIKELY. 565 00:38:03,118 --> 00:38:06,172 CUSTER HURRIED TOWARD THE LITTLE BIGHORN. 566 00:38:06,238 --> 00:38:09,758 HE SAW DUST RISING OVER A RIDGE JUST AHEAD OF HIM. 567 00:38:09,825 --> 00:38:14,747 THE INDIANS, HE THOUGHT, WERE ALREADY ON THE MOVE TO ESCAPE. 568 00:38:14,813 --> 00:38:17,082 IT WAS NOW OR NEVER. 569 00:38:17,149 --> 00:38:20,886 SOME 40 WARRIORS APPEARED, 570 00:38:20,952 --> 00:38:24,806 THEN BEGAN RACING BACK TOWARD THEIR CAMP. 571 00:38:24,873 --> 00:38:29,078 CUSTER SENT MAJOR MARCUS RENO AND THREE COMPANIES -- 572 00:38:29,144 --> 00:38:34,066 140 MEN -- IN PURSUIT, PROMISING TO SUPPORT THEM. 573 00:38:34,133 --> 00:38:36,819 THE BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN WAS ABOUT TO BEGIN. 574 00:38:45,660 --> 00:38:49,398 IT WAS SOMEWHERE PAST THE MIDDLE OF THE AFTERNOON 575 00:38:49,464 --> 00:38:52,134 AND ALL OF US WERE HAVING A GOOD TIME. 576 00:38:52,201 --> 00:38:55,237 WE FOUND OUR WOMEN FRIENDS BATHING IN THE RIVER, 577 00:38:55,303 --> 00:38:56,872 AND WE JOINED THEM. 578 00:38:56,938 --> 00:38:59,541 OTHER GROUPS WERE PLAYING IN THE WATER. 579 00:38:59,608 --> 00:39:03,178 TWO SIOUX BOYS CAME RUNNING TOWARD US. 580 00:39:03,245 --> 00:39:07,549 THEY WERE SHOUTING, "SOLDIERS ARE COMING!" 581 00:39:07,616 --> 00:39:11,620 WE HEARD SHOOTING. WE HID IN THE BRUSH -- 582 00:39:11,686 --> 00:39:13,488 KATE BIG-HEAD. 583 00:39:13,555 --> 00:39:16,459 Narrator: RENO'S MEN CROSSED THE RIVER, 584 00:39:16,525 --> 00:39:17,876 FORMED A THIN SKIRMISH LINE, 585 00:39:17,943 --> 00:39:21,430 AND BEGAN FIRING INTO ONE EDGE OF THE VILLAGE, 586 00:39:21,496 --> 00:39:25,200 ASSUMING THAT CUSTER WOULD REINFORCE THEM. 587 00:39:25,267 --> 00:39:27,285 THEY WERE SOON OUTNUMBERED. 588 00:39:27,336 --> 00:39:29,087 [ GUNSHOTS ] 589 00:39:34,142 --> 00:39:37,613 RENO ORDERED A RETREAT. 590 00:39:41,065 --> 00:39:43,986 THE SOLDIERS WEREFALLING INTO THE VILLAGE, 591 00:39:44,053 --> 00:39:48,423 JUST AS SITTING BULL'S VISION HAD SUGGESTED THEY WOULD. 592 00:39:48,490 --> 00:39:55,046 MORE INDIAN OUT OF THE VIL LAGE, 593 00:39:55,114 --> 00:39:59,384 AND STILL CUSTER DID NOT COME. 594 00:39:59,451 --> 00:40:03,037 INSTEAD OF FOLLOWING RENO INTO THE VALLEY, 595 00:40:03,104 --> 00:40:08,560 HE HAD LED HIS 5 COMPANIES OF 210 MEN TOWARD A RIDGE, 596 00:40:08,627 --> 00:40:11,162 CONVINCED THE INDIANS WERE FLEEING 597 00:40:11,229 --> 00:40:14,516 AND THAT BY CHARGING DOWN INTO THE VILLAGE FROM THERE, 598 00:40:14,600 --> 00:40:16,836 HE COULD CUT THEM OFF. 599 00:40:16,902 --> 00:40:21,623 Crow: HE SENT SOME OF HIS SCOUTS TO GO LOOK OVER THE HILL, 600 00:40:21,690 --> 00:40:24,843 AND THEY CAME BACK, TOLD HIM, "WELL, THEY'RE STILL THERE," 601 00:40:24,910 --> 00:40:27,095 SO HE DECIDED TO GO LOOK HIMSELF. 602 00:40:27,162 --> 00:40:30,816 HE WOULD LOOK OVER THERE AND PRETTY SOON HE'D BEAT IT BACK, 603 00:40:30,883 --> 00:40:33,702 HE WAS ALL SHOOK UP, AS THEY SAY, YOU KNOW. 604 00:40:33,769 --> 00:40:36,855 MY GRANDFATHER USED TO SAY, 605 00:40:36,922 --> 00:40:40,909 "CUSTER LOOKED WHITER THAN EVER." 606 00:40:40,975 --> 00:40:45,347 Narrator: CUSTER WAS OUTNUMBERED MORE THAN FOUR TO ONE, 607 00:40:45,414 --> 00:40:50,184 BUT HE LED HIS TROOPS DOWN TOWARD THE VILLAGE, 608 00:40:50,269 --> 00:40:51,553 FIRING AS THEY CAME. 609 00:40:51,619 --> 00:40:55,340 CHEYENNE WARRIORS LED BY LAME WHITE MAN, 610 00:40:55,407 --> 00:40:58,343 HUNKPAPA LAKOTA UNDER GALL, 611 00:40:58,393 --> 00:41:03,883 AND OGLALAS UNDER CRAZY HORSE RODE OUT TO TURN CUSTER BACK. 612 00:41:03,949 --> 00:41:07,269 CUSTER'S MEN STOPPED SHORT, 613 00:41:07,336 --> 00:41:10,455 STUNNED AT THE SIGHT OF HUNDREDS OF WARRIORS 614 00:41:10,522 --> 00:41:13,742 HEADED RIGHT AT THEM. 615 00:41:13,809 --> 00:41:18,897 Big-Head:IT APPEARED THERE WOULD BE NO END 616 00:41:18,964 --> 00:41:21,550 TO THE RUSHING PROCESSION OF WARRIORS. 617 00:41:21,616 --> 00:41:23,534 THEY KEPT GOING, GOING, GOING. 618 00:41:23,601 --> 00:41:25,403 I WANTED TO GO, TOO. 619 00:41:25,470 --> 00:41:28,591 I HAD SEEN OTHER BATTLES IN PAST TIMES. 620 00:41:28,657 --> 00:41:32,144 I ALWAYS LIKED TO WATCH THE MEN FIGHTING. 621 00:41:32,210 --> 00:41:34,212 [ GUNSHOT ] 622 00:41:34,279 --> 00:41:36,348 [ GUNSHOT ] 623 00:41:36,415 --> 00:41:39,785 [ GUNSHOT ] 624 00:41:39,851 --> 00:41:43,855 Narrator: THE SOLDIERS BEGAN A HEADLONG RETREAT 625 00:41:43,922 --> 00:41:47,308 TOWARD THE SUMMIT OF A LONG, HIGH RIDGE. 626 00:41:47,376 --> 00:41:50,228 SOME OF THE INDIANS REMEMBERED LATER 627 00:41:50,295 --> 00:41:53,782 THAT THE LEGS OF THE MEN AND THE HORSES TREMBLED 628 00:41:53,849 --> 00:41:56,902 AS THEY SCRAMBLED UP THE SLOPE. 629 00:41:56,968 --> 00:42:03,008 I CALLED TO MY MEN, "THIS IS A GOOD DAY TO DIE. 630 00:42:03,074 --> 00:42:04,009 FOLLOW ME." 631 00:42:04,076 --> 00:42:06,411 AS WE RUSHED UPON THEM, 632 00:42:06,478 --> 00:42:08,780 THE SOLDIERS DISMOUNTED TO FIRE, 633 00:42:08,847 --> 00:42:11,383 BUT THEY DID VERY POOR SHOOTING. 634 00:42:11,450 --> 00:42:13,719 THEY HELD THEIR HORSE'S REINS ON ONE ARM 635 00:42:13,785 --> 00:42:15,020 WHILE THEY WERE SHOOTING, 636 00:42:15,087 --> 00:42:16,605 BUT THEIR HORSES WERE SO FRIGHTENED 637 00:42:16,672 --> 00:42:18,340 THAT THEY PULLED THE MEN ALL AROUND, 638 00:42:18,407 --> 00:42:22,728 AND A GREAT MANY OF THEIR SHOTS WENT UP INTO THE AIR 639 00:42:22,795 --> 00:42:24,929 AND DID US NO HARM -- 640 00:42:24,996 --> 00:42:26,832 LOW DOG. 641 00:42:26,899 --> 00:42:28,249 I CHARGED IN. 642 00:42:28,316 --> 00:42:31,602 A TALL, WELL-BUILT SOLDIER SAW ME COMING. 643 00:42:31,670 --> 00:42:32,988 WHEN I RUSHED HIM, 644 00:42:33,055 --> 00:42:35,590 HE THREW HIS RIFLE AT ME WITHOUT SHOOTING. 645 00:42:35,657 --> 00:42:36,975 WE GRABBED EACH OTHER 646 00:42:37,042 --> 00:42:39,795 AND WRESTLED THERE IN THE DUST AND SMOKE. 647 00:42:39,861 --> 00:42:43,314 HE HIT ME WITH HIS FISTS ON THE JAW AND SHOULDERS, 648 00:42:43,381 --> 00:42:46,468 THEN GRABBED MY LONG BRAIDS WITH BOTH HANDS, 649 00:42:46,535 --> 00:42:50,055 PULLED MY FACE CLOSE, AND TRIED TO BITE MY NOSE OFF. 650 00:42:50,105 --> 00:42:53,459 I YELLED AS LOUD AS I COULD TO SCARE MY ENEMY, 651 00:42:53,525 --> 00:42:55,661 BUT HE WOULD NOT LET GO. 652 00:42:55,728 --> 00:42:58,196 FINALLY, I BROKE FREE. 653 00:42:58,263 --> 00:42:59,581 HE DREW HIS PISTOL. 654 00:42:59,648 --> 00:43:02,734 I WRENCHED IT OUT OF HIS HAND AND STRUCK HIM WITH IT 655 00:43:02,801 --> 00:43:05,037 THREE OR FOUR TIMES ON THE HEAD, 656 00:43:05,103 --> 00:43:08,223 KNOCKED HIM OVER, SHOT HIM IN THE HEAD, 657 00:43:08,290 --> 00:43:10,058 AND FIRED AT HIS HEART. 658 00:43:10,125 --> 00:43:15,113 HO HECHETU! THAT WAS A FIGHT. A HARD FIGHT. 659 00:43:15,180 --> 00:43:18,283 BUT IT WAS A GLORIOUS BATTLE. A HARD FIGHT. 660 00:43:18,350 --> 00:43:20,285 I ENJOYED IT -- 661 00:43:20,351 --> 00:43:21,720 WHITE BULL. 662 00:43:21,787 --> 00:43:24,306 [ GUNSHOTS ] 663 00:43:32,447 --> 00:43:36,035 THE SHOTS QUIT COMING FROM THE SOLDIERS. 664 00:43:36,101 --> 00:43:38,136 WARRIORS WHO HAD CREPT CLOSE TO THEM 665 00:43:38,203 --> 00:43:41,023 BEGAN TO CALL OUT THAT ALL THE WHITE MEN WERE DEAD. 666 00:43:41,089 --> 00:43:42,941 ALL OF THE INDIANS WERE SAYING, 667 00:43:42,992 --> 00:43:47,245 "THESE SOLDIERS WENT CRAZY AND KILLED THEMSELVES." 668 00:43:47,312 --> 00:43:50,432 I DO NOT KNOW. I COULD NOT SEE THEM. 669 00:43:50,498 --> 00:43:52,784 BUT I BELIEVE THEY DID SO -- 670 00:43:52,851 --> 00:43:55,921 WOODEN LEG. 671 00:43:55,988 --> 00:44:00,525 Big-Head:I SAW SEVERAL DIFFERENT RS 672 00:44:00,592 --> 00:44:02,276 NOT YET QUITE DEAD. 673 00:44:02,361 --> 00:44:06,514 THE INDIANS CUT OFF ARMS OR LEGS OR FEET OF THESE, 674 00:44:06,581 --> 00:44:10,218 THE SAME AS WAS NE FOR THE ENTIRELY DEAD. 675 00:44:10,285 --> 00:44:14,239 SOME OF THE WOMEN MOURNING FOR THEIR OWN DEAD 676 00:44:14,290 --> 00:44:18,210 BEAT AND CUT THE DEAD BODIES OF THE WHITE MEN. 677 00:44:18,277 --> 00:44:21,864 Narrator: THE SOLDIERS, ONE LAKOTA REMEMBERED, 678 00:44:21,930 --> 00:44:24,366 WERE AS GOOD MEN AS EVER FOUGHT. 679 00:44:24,433 --> 00:44:28,670 BUT THE FIGHTING, RECALLED ANOTHER, HAD LASTED NO LONGER 680 00:44:28,736 --> 00:44:32,374 THAN A HUNGRY MAN NEEDED TO EAT HIS LUNCH. 681 00:44:39,047 --> 00:44:43,852 IN THE END, ALL OF THE MEN IN CUSTER'S COMMAND -- 682 00:44:43,918 --> 00:44:46,671 210 OF THEM -- LAY DEAD. 683 00:44:50,709 --> 00:44:56,598 IT WAS THE GREATEST INDIAN VICTORY OF THE PLAINS WARS. 684 00:44:56,665 --> 00:45:02,204 TWO CHEYENNE WOMEN WERE SAID TO HAVE FOUND CUSTER'S BODY. 685 00:45:02,270 --> 00:45:06,341 THE WOMEN PUSHED THE POINT OF A SEWING AWL 686 00:45:06,407 --> 00:45:10,395 INTO EACH OF HIS EARS, INTO HIS HEAD. 687 00:45:10,462 --> 00:45:13,214 THIS WAS DONE TO IMPROVE HIS HEARING, 688 00:45:13,282 --> 00:45:15,250 AS IT SEEMED HE HAD NOT HEARD 689 00:45:15,317 --> 00:45:18,170 WHAT OUR CHIEFS IN THE SOUTH HAD SAID 690 00:45:18,236 --> 00:45:21,039 WHEN HE SMOKED THE PIPE WITH THEM. 691 00:45:21,106 --> 00:45:24,292 THEY TOLD HIM THEN THAT IF EVER AFTERWARD 692 00:45:24,359 --> 00:45:27,011 HE SHOULD BREAK THAT PEACE PROMISE 693 00:45:27,078 --> 00:45:29,348 AND SHOULD FIGHT THE CHEYENNES, 694 00:45:29,414 --> 00:45:34,302 THE EVERYWHERE SPIRIT SURELY WOULD CAUSE HIM TO BE KILLED. 695 00:45:34,369 --> 00:45:36,438 I OFTEN HAVE WONDERED IF 696 00:45:36,505 --> 00:45:40,875 WHEN I WAS RIDING AMONG THE DEAD WHERE HE WAS LYING 697 00:45:40,942 --> 00:45:47,548 MY PONY MAY HAVE KICKED DIRT UPON HIS BODY -- 698 00:45:47,633 --> 00:45:49,902 KATE BIG-HEAD. 699 00:45:59,611 --> 00:46:00,796 WITH OUR HUSBANDS AWAY 700 00:46:00,862 --> 00:46:03,231 CAMPAIGNING AGAINST THE INDIANS, 701 00:46:03,298 --> 00:46:05,800 OUR ONLY PLEASURE AFTER THE TORRID DAY 702 00:46:05,867 --> 00:46:09,337 WAS TO GATHER ON SOMEONE'S PORCH IN THE LONG TWILIGHT, 703 00:46:09,404 --> 00:46:12,874 ENJOY WHAT LITTLE MUSIC WE COULD MUSTER, 704 00:46:12,958 --> 00:46:17,796 AND TRY TO FORGET OUR WORRIES AND THE DEVILISH MOSQUITOES. 705 00:46:17,862 --> 00:46:20,916 MANY AMONG US HAD SWEET VOICES, 706 00:46:20,982 --> 00:46:25,720 AND WHILE I PLAYED THE GUITAR EVERYONE SANG. 707 00:46:25,787 --> 00:46:28,773 THEN, GLANCING ACROSS THE PARADE GROUND, 708 00:46:28,840 --> 00:46:31,693 WE NOTICED SMALL GROUPS OF SOLDIERS 709 00:46:31,760 --> 00:46:33,829 TALKING EXCITEDLY TOGETHER, 710 00:46:33,895 --> 00:46:37,148 AND SEVERAL PEOPLE CAME RUNNING TOWARD US, 711 00:46:37,215 --> 00:46:39,117 FACES SET AND WILD-EYED. 712 00:46:39,184 --> 00:46:42,938 ONE WAS HORN TOAD, THE INDIAN SCOUT, 713 00:46:43,004 --> 00:46:48,226 WHO GASPED IN SHORT, SHARP SENTENCES, "CUSTER KILLED. 714 00:46:48,293 --> 00:46:50,762 WHOLE COMMAND KILLED." 715 00:46:50,829 --> 00:46:54,266 THE GUITAR SLIPPED FROM MY KNEES TO THE FLOOR. 716 00:46:54,333 --> 00:46:56,051 THE PINK BALL OF KNITTING 717 00:46:56,117 --> 00:46:59,070 FELL OUT OF CHARLOTTE MOYLAN'S HANDS. 718 00:46:59,137 --> 00:47:04,259 THE LETTER LYING IDLY IN MRS. BENTEEN'S LAP 719 00:47:04,325 --> 00:47:09,063 FLUTTERED OVER THE RAIL AND ONTO THE LAWN -- 720 00:47:09,130 --> 00:47:11,883 KATHERINE GIBSON. 721 00:47:43,365 --> 00:47:46,651 Narrator: AMERICANS WERE CELEBRATING 722 00:47:46,718 --> 00:47:48,570 THEIR CENTENNIAL THAT SUMMER, 723 00:47:48,637 --> 00:47:51,523 PROUD OF 100 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE. 724 00:47:51,590 --> 00:47:55,394 THE NEWS THAT CUSTER AND ALL THE MEN OF HIS COMMAND 725 00:47:55,460 --> 00:48:00,631 HAD BEEN KILLED BY INDIANS WAS GREETED WITH SIMPLE DISBELIEF. 726 00:48:00,698 --> 00:48:04,669 HOW COULD SUCH A THING POSSIBLY HAVE HAPPENED? 727 00:48:04,736 --> 00:48:06,738 HOW COULD MERE INDIANS 728 00:48:06,805 --> 00:48:11,175 WITH NAMES THAT SOUNDED ABSURD TO EASTERN EARS -- 729 00:48:11,242 --> 00:48:14,512 LOW DOG, CRAZY HORSE, SITTING BULL -- 730 00:48:14,579 --> 00:48:17,999 HAVE DEFEATED SO CELEBRATED A SOLDIER? 731 00:48:18,066 --> 00:48:20,318 GENERAL PHILIP SHERIDAN, 732 00:48:20,385 --> 00:48:24,923 ARCHITECT OF THE PLAN THAT HAD ENDED IN DISASTER, 733 00:48:24,989 --> 00:48:28,276 PROMISED CUSTER WOULD BE AVENGED. 734 00:48:28,360 --> 00:48:33,198 WASHINGTON HURRIED 2,500 ADDITIONAL CAVALRYMEN WEST. 735 00:48:33,264 --> 00:48:36,017 IF YOU LOOK AT THE BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIG HORN, 736 00:48:36,084 --> 00:48:37,652 IT WAS CUSTER'S LAST STAND, 737 00:48:37,719 --> 00:48:39,988 BUT IN A LOT OF WAYS IT WAS A LAST STAND 738 00:48:40,054 --> 00:48:42,223 FOR INDIAN PEOPLE AS A FREE PEOPLE, 739 00:48:42,290 --> 00:48:44,626 AS A PEOPLE THAT WERE LIVING ON THE PLAINS 740 00:48:44,693 --> 00:48:45,910 AND IN THE LIFESTYLE. 741 00:48:45,977 --> 00:48:49,030 THAT WAS GOING TO CHANGE BECAUSE OF THAT VICTORY. 742 00:48:52,417 --> 00:48:56,137 Narrator: FRESH BLUE COLUMNS COMMANDED BY CROOK, TERRY, 743 00:48:56,204 --> 00:48:57,872 AND COLONEL NELSON MILES 744 00:48:57,939 --> 00:49:00,542 CRISSCROSSED THE POWDER RIVER COUNTRY, 745 00:49:00,608 --> 00:49:03,227 HUNTING DOWN THE BANDS THAT HAD SPLIT UP 746 00:49:03,294 --> 00:49:08,066 AFTER THE CUSTER FIGHT. 747 00:49:08,133 --> 00:49:15,590 ONE BY ONE, THEY WERE FORCED TO SURRENDER. 748 00:49:15,656 --> 00:49:20,462 INDIANS WHO HAD HAD NOTHING TO DO WITH THE FIGHTING 749 00:49:20,528 --> 00:49:24,600 WERE DISARMED AND HAD THEIR PONIES SEIZED AND SOLD. 750 00:49:24,666 --> 00:49:27,752 WHATEVER WE DO, WHEREVER WE GO, 751 00:49:27,819 --> 00:49:31,990 WE ARE EXPECTED TO SAY, "YES, YES, YES, YES." 752 00:49:32,057 --> 00:49:34,792 AND WHEN WE DON'T AGREE AT ONCE 753 00:49:34,859 --> 00:49:38,079 TO WHAT YOU ASK OF US IN COUNCIL, 754 00:49:38,163 --> 00:49:42,701 YOU ALWAYS SAY, "YOU WON'T GET ANYTHING TO EAT" -- 755 00:49:42,767 --> 00:49:44,285 STANDING ELK. 756 00:49:44,352 --> 00:49:48,389 Narrator: DESPITE THE FORT LARAMIE TREATY, 757 00:49:48,457 --> 00:49:50,626 CONGRESS TOOK AWAY THE BLACK HILLS 758 00:49:50,692 --> 00:49:56,581 AND ANOTHER 40 MILLION ACRES OF LAKOTA LAND. 759 00:49:56,647 --> 00:50:02,170 THE RESERVATION CHIEFS WERE MADE TO AGREE TO ALL OF IT. 760 00:50:09,861 --> 00:50:12,914 BUT SITTING BULL STILL HELD OUT. 761 00:50:12,980 --> 00:50:17,736 HE AND HIS FOLLOWERS WERE BEYOND THE REACH OF AMERICAN TROOPS, 762 00:50:17,803 --> 00:50:20,171 ACROSS THE BORDER IN CANADA, 763 00:50:20,237 --> 00:50:23,692 WHICH HE CALLED "THE LAND OF THE GRANDMOTHER," 764 00:50:23,759 --> 00:50:26,027 IN HONOR OF QUEEN VICTORIA. 765 00:50:26,093 --> 00:50:29,664 WHEN GENERAL ALFRED TERRY TRAVELED NORTH 766 00:50:29,731 --> 00:50:32,067 TO OFFER HIM A FULL PARDON 767 00:50:32,133 --> 00:50:36,337 ON THE CONDITION THAT HE SETTLE ON A RESERVATION, 768 00:50:36,404 --> 00:50:39,941 SITTING BULL ANGRILY SENT HIM AWAY. 769 00:50:40,008 --> 00:50:43,928 Sitting Bull:THIS COUNTRY IS MY COUNTRY NOW, 770 00:50:43,995 --> 00:50:48,783 AND I INTEND TO STAY HERE AND RAISE MY PEOPLE TO FILL IT. 771 00:50:48,849 --> 00:50:53,455 WE DID NOT GIVE OUR COUNTRY TO YOU...YOU STOLE IT. 772 00:50:53,521 --> 00:50:56,808 YOU COME HERE TO TELL LIES. 773 00:50:56,874 --> 00:51:00,628 WHEN YOU GO HOME, TAKE THEM WITH YOU. 774 00:51:14,409 --> 00:51:15,826 I FEEL LIKE A FATHER 775 00:51:15,894 --> 00:51:19,113 WITH A GREAT FAMILY OF CHILDREN AROUND ME, 776 00:51:19,180 --> 00:51:20,782 IN A WINTER STORM. 777 00:51:20,848 --> 00:51:24,969 AND I AM LOOKING WITH CALMNESS, CONFIDENCE, AND PATIENCE, 778 00:51:25,035 --> 00:51:28,473 FOR THE CLOUDS TO BREAK AND THE SUN TO SHINE, 779 00:51:28,539 --> 00:51:33,177 SO THAT I CAN RUN OUT AND SAY, "CHILDREN, COME HOME." 780 00:51:33,245 --> 00:51:36,297 I AM READY TO KILL THE FATTED CALF 781 00:51:36,364 --> 00:51:38,399 AND MAKE A JOYFUL FEAST 782 00:51:38,466 --> 00:51:41,819 TO ALL WHO WILL COME AND PARTAKE -- 783 00:51:41,886 --> 00:51:43,070 BRIGHAM YOUNG. 784 00:51:43,137 --> 00:51:45,590 Narrator: FOR 30 HARD YEARS, 785 00:51:45,657 --> 00:51:49,760 BRIGHAM YOUNG HAD ATTENDED TO EVERY DETAIL OF LIFE 786 00:51:49,827 --> 00:51:53,314 IN MORMON UTAH, WHERE, UNDER HIS LEADERSHIP, 787 00:51:53,381 --> 00:51:58,603 150,000 LATTER-DAY SAINTS HAD SETTLED IN HIS DESERT SANCTUARY. 788 00:51:58,670 --> 00:52:03,558 YOUNG HAD TRIED TO FASHION A DISTINCT SOCIETY 789 00:52:03,624 --> 00:52:06,544 BASED ON COMMUNAL ECONOMICS, 790 00:52:06,611 --> 00:52:10,715 POLYGAMY, AND ONE-PARTY POLITICS, 791 00:52:10,781 --> 00:52:13,150 ALL RUN BY THE CHURCH. 792 00:52:13,217 --> 00:52:15,920 BUT NOW HE FELT BESIEGED. 793 00:52:15,987 --> 00:52:20,575 CONGRESS WAS ONCE AGAIN TRYING TO ASSERT CONTROL OVER UTAH. 794 00:52:20,641 --> 00:52:24,562 A NEW LAW GAVE FEDERAL COURTS, NOT MORMONS, 795 00:52:24,628 --> 00:52:27,715 JURISDICTION OVER CRIMINAL CASES. 796 00:52:27,781 --> 00:52:30,885 THE FEDERAL OFFICIALS IN UTAH THEN 797 00:52:30,952 --> 00:52:34,238 REALLY WANTED TO NAIL BRIGHAM YOUNG. 798 00:52:34,305 --> 00:52:38,927 THEY WERE TRYING TO REDUCE HIS POWER OVER THE PEOPLE. 799 00:52:38,994 --> 00:52:41,796 Narrator: ONE OF THE FIRST ACTIONS 800 00:52:41,863 --> 00:52:44,032 OF THE FEDERAL PROSECUTORS 801 00:52:44,098 --> 00:52:48,235 WAS TO ARREST YOUNG'S DEVOTED FOLLOWER, JOHN D. LEE, 802 00:52:48,302 --> 00:52:50,905 AND PUT HIM ON TRIAL FOR MURDER. 803 00:52:50,972 --> 00:52:55,409 TWENTY YEARS EARLIER, A GROUP OF UNSUSPECTING EMIGRANTS 804 00:52:55,476 --> 00:52:59,096 FROM MISSOURI AND ARKANSAS HAD BEEN ATTACKED 805 00:52:59,163 --> 00:53:03,919 BY A COMBINED FORCE OF PAIUTE INDIANS AND MORMON SETTLERS 806 00:53:03,985 --> 00:53:07,354 AT A PLACE CALLED "MOUNTAIN MEADOWS." 807 00:53:07,422 --> 00:53:11,209 JOHN D. LEE HAD OPPOSED THE ATTACK AT FIRST, 808 00:53:11,275 --> 00:53:14,779 BUT IN THE END HE WENT ALONG WITH IT, 809 00:53:14,846 --> 00:53:19,517 AND MORE THAN A HUNDRED MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN 810 00:53:19,584 --> 00:53:22,870 HAD BEEN SLAUGHTERED WITHOUT MERCY. 811 00:53:22,937 --> 00:53:26,741 IT HAD BEEN THE DARKEST EVENT IN MORMON HISTORY. 812 00:53:26,807 --> 00:53:30,561 Udall: JOHN D. LEE WAS ONE OF MY GREAT-GRANDFATHERS 813 00:53:30,628 --> 00:53:34,498 AND HE, UNTIL RECENT TIMES, WAS CONSIDERED THE LEADER 814 00:53:34,565 --> 00:53:38,085 WHO CARRIED OUT THE MOUNTAIN MEADOW MASSACRE. 815 00:53:38,152 --> 00:53:42,490 ACTUALLY, HE WAS ABOUT THIRD IN LINE IN THE CHAIN OF COMMAND 816 00:53:42,557 --> 00:53:45,342 OF A MILITIA THAT CARRIED THIS OUT. 817 00:53:45,409 --> 00:53:47,578 HE LATER THEN WAS SENT TO SOUTHERN UTAH 818 00:53:47,646 --> 00:53:51,132 AND KIND OF OUT OF THE IMMEDIATE ORBIT OF BRIGHAM YOUNG, 819 00:53:51,199 --> 00:53:53,918 BUT THERE WAS A FATHER-SON TYPE RELATIONSHIP 820 00:53:53,984 --> 00:53:55,470 BETWEEN THOSE TWO MEN. 821 00:53:58,990 --> 00:54:02,643 Narrator: FOR YEARS, YOUNG TRIED TO PROTECT HIS PROTEGE 822 00:54:02,710 --> 00:54:06,615 FROM CAPTURE AND PROSECUTION FOR HIS ROLE IN THE MASSACRE, 823 00:54:06,681 --> 00:54:11,452 SENDING HIM TO EXILE IN THE ARIZONA WILDERNESS, 824 00:54:11,536 --> 00:54:13,587 NEAR THE GRAND CANYON. 825 00:54:13,672 --> 00:54:17,459 IT WAS A ROUGH, SOLITARY EXISTENCE. 826 00:54:17,525 --> 00:54:21,429 LEE NAMED HIS NEW HOME "LONELY DELL." 827 00:54:21,496 --> 00:54:25,866 PROSECUTORS OFFERED HIM MONEY AND LENIENCY 828 00:54:25,933 --> 00:54:30,838 IF HE WOULD IMPLICATE OTHERS IN THE KILLINGS. 829 00:54:30,905 --> 00:54:32,323 IT IS TOLD AROUND FOR A FACT 830 00:54:32,390 --> 00:54:35,710 THAT I COULD TELL GREAT CONFESSIONS 831 00:54:35,776 --> 00:54:40,631 AND BRING IN BRIGHAM YOUNG AND THE HEADS OF THE CHURCH, 832 00:54:40,699 --> 00:54:43,033 BUT I WILL NOT BE THE MEANS 833 00:54:43,100 --> 00:54:46,771 OF BRINGING TROUBLES ON MY PEOPLE, 834 00:54:46,837 --> 00:54:50,491 FOR THIS PEOPLE IS A MISREPRESENTED 835 00:54:50,558 --> 00:54:53,244 AND CRIED-DOWN COMMUNITY. 836 00:54:53,311 --> 00:54:56,764 YES, A PEOPLE SCATTERED AND PEELED. 837 00:54:56,831 --> 00:54:59,634 AND IFT LAST THEY DID RISE UP 838 00:54:59,700 --> 00:55:03,420 AND SHED THE BLOOD OF THEIR ENEMIES, 839 00:55:03,471 --> 00:55:06,957 I WON'T CONSENT TO GIVE THEM UP -- 840 00:55:07,024 --> 00:55:08,376 JOHN D. LEE. 841 00:55:08,443 --> 00:55:11,478 Narrator: WHEN LEE'S TRIAL BEGAN, 842 00:55:11,563 --> 00:55:15,650 ORDERS WENT OUT THAT NO MORMON SHOULD TESTIFY. 843 00:55:15,716 --> 00:55:19,854 THE FOUR GENTILES ON THE JURY FOUND LEE GUILTY, 844 00:55:19,921 --> 00:55:24,025 BUT ALL EIGHT MORMONS HELD OUT FOR ACQUITTAL. 845 00:55:24,091 --> 00:55:27,312 ACROSS THE NATION, THE CASE BECAME A SYMBOL 846 00:55:27,379 --> 00:55:30,765 FOR EVERYTHING AMERICANS DESPISED ABOUT MORMONISM. 847 00:55:30,832 --> 00:55:33,617 PRESSURES MOUNTED FOR THE GOVERNMENT 848 00:55:33,684 --> 00:55:36,804 TO STRIP BRIGHAM YOUNG AND THE CHURCH 849 00:55:36,870 --> 00:55:38,423 OF THEIR AUTHORITY IN UTAH. 850 00:55:38,489 --> 00:55:41,242 A SECOND TRIAL WAS SCHEDULED. 851 00:55:41,308 --> 00:55:43,878 Udall: AND I THINK A DECISION WAS MADE, 852 00:55:43,945 --> 00:55:48,248 "WELL IF WE SACRIFICE LEE, MAYBE THE PRESSURES WILL GO AWAY," 853 00:55:48,315 --> 00:55:50,384 BECAUSE AT THE SECOND TRIAL, 854 00:55:50,451 --> 00:55:53,203 THE WORD WAS SENT DOWN TO THE MORMONS 855 00:55:53,271 --> 00:55:55,773 THAT THIS HAD TO BE COMPLETED, 856 00:55:55,840 --> 00:55:58,693 AND THEY SHOULD VOTE FOR A CONVICTION. 857 00:55:58,759 --> 00:56:01,496 HE WAS SINGLED OUT AS THE PERPETRATOR 858 00:56:01,562 --> 00:56:07,184 AND THE MORMONS EVEN PUT IT IN THEIR SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSONS, 859 00:56:07,251 --> 00:56:09,937 WHICH BOTHERED MY FAMILY FOR A LONG TIME. 860 00:56:10,003 --> 00:56:13,224 AND HE WAS IN EFFECT THE SCAPEGOAT. 861 00:56:13,291 --> 00:56:14,675 Narrator: THIS TIME, 862 00:56:14,742 --> 00:56:17,561 ALL THE MEMBERS OF THE JURY WERE MORMONS. 863 00:56:17,628 --> 00:56:19,330 ALL VOTED TO CONVICT. 864 00:56:19,397 --> 00:56:22,200 NO ONE ELSE WHO TOOK PART IN THE MASSACRE 865 00:56:22,266 --> 00:56:24,369 WAS EVER BROUGHT TO TRIAL. 866 00:56:24,435 --> 00:56:28,055 UNDER UTAH LAW, LEE WAS ALLOWED TO CHOOSE 867 00:56:28,122 --> 00:56:32,493 WHETHER HE WISHED TO BE SHOT, HANGED, OR BEHEADED. 868 00:56:32,560 --> 00:56:35,679 HE CHOSE TO FACE A FIRING SQUAD. 869 00:56:35,746 --> 00:56:42,352 ON MARCH 23, 1877, JOHN D. LEE WAS ESCORTED TO THE SITE 870 00:56:42,419 --> 00:56:45,774 OF THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS MASSACRE, 871 00:56:45,840 --> 00:56:49,060 SEATED ON A COFFIN, AND PHOTOGRAPHED. 872 00:56:49,127 --> 00:56:52,280 HE MADE ARRANGEMENTS FOR EACH OF THE TWO WIVES 873 00:56:52,346 --> 00:56:56,117 WHO REMAINED TRUE TO HIM TO GET A COPY OF THE PICTURE. 874 00:56:56,184 --> 00:57:00,071 THEN, HE SPOKE TO THE LITTLE CROWD 875 00:57:00,137 --> 00:57:03,324 THAT HAD COME TO SEE HIM DIE. 876 00:57:03,390 --> 00:57:06,928 Lee:I HAVE BUT LITTLE TO SAY THIS MORNING. 877 00:57:06,994 --> 00:57:11,148 OF COURSE I FEEL THAT I AM UPON THE BRINK OF ETERNITY. 878 00:57:11,215 --> 00:57:13,935 I FEEL AS CALM AS A SUMMER MORN. 879 00:57:14,001 --> 00:57:16,069 I AM READY TO MEET MY REDEEMER. 880 00:57:16,137 --> 00:57:18,506 I DO NOT BELIEVE EVERYTHING 881 00:57:18,572 --> 00:57:22,877 THAT IS NOW BEING TAUGHT AND PRACTICED BY BRIGHAM YOUNG. 882 00:57:22,944 --> 00:57:25,146 I DO NOT CARE WHO HEARS IT. 883 00:57:25,213 --> 00:57:29,583 I STUDIED TO MAKE THIS MAN'S WILL MY PLEASURE 884 00:57:29,650 --> 00:57:31,519 FOR 30 YEARS. 885 00:57:31,585 --> 00:57:35,790 SEE NOW WHAT I HAVE COME TO THIS DAY! 886 00:57:35,857 --> 00:57:41,445 I HAVE BEEN SACRIFICED IN A COWARDLY, DASTARDLY MANNER. 887 00:57:41,512 --> 00:57:46,033 WHAT CONFIDENCE CAN I HAVE IN SUCH A MAN? 888 00:57:46,100 --> 00:57:52,356 I HAVE NONE, AND I DON'T THINK MY FATHER IN HEAVEN HAS ANY. 889 00:57:52,423 --> 00:57:55,893 Narrator: THEN, LEE SHOOK HANDS WITH HIS EXECUTIONERS, 890 00:57:55,960 --> 00:57:58,696 HANDED HIS HAT AND OVERCOAT TO A FRIEND. 891 00:57:58,763 --> 00:58:02,266 HIS LAST WORDS WERE TO THE FIRING SQUAD. 892 00:58:02,333 --> 00:58:09,640 "CENTER MY HEART BOYS," HE SAID. "DON'T MANGLE MY BODY." 893 00:58:09,707 --> 00:58:11,942 [ GUNSHOT ] 894 00:58:32,063 --> 00:58:34,098 Narrator: FIVE MONTHS LATER, 895 00:58:34,165 --> 00:58:37,168 BRIGHAM YOUNG WAS SEIZED BY TERRIBLE STOMACH PAINS. 896 00:58:37,234 --> 00:58:40,371 FOR DAYS, SURROUNDED BY HIS HUGE FAMILY, 897 00:58:40,438 --> 00:58:43,908 THE PATRIARCH FLOATED IN AND OUT OF CONSCIOUSNESS. 898 00:58:43,974 --> 00:58:48,780 ON AUGUST 29, HE CALLED OUT THE NAME OF JOSEPH SMITH, 899 00:58:48,846 --> 00:58:51,215 FOUNDER OF THE MORMON FAITH. 900 00:58:51,282 --> 00:58:57,621 THEN, BRIGHAM YOUNG, THE MAN WHO HAD LED HIS PEOPLE TO THE WEST 901 00:58:57,689 --> 00:59:03,794 AND HAD SHIELDED THEM FROM THEIR ENEMIES FOR THREE DECADES, DIED. 902 00:59:03,861 --> 00:59:07,281 EVEN IH, HE REMAINED IN CHARGE. 903 00:59:07,347 --> 00:59:11,652 FOLLOWING PRECISE INSTRUCTIONS LEFT IN HIS WILL, 904 00:59:11,719 --> 00:59:15,372 HIS REMAINS WERE PLACED IN A STONE VAULT 905 00:59:15,439 --> 00:59:20,628 OVERLOOKING THE MAGNIFICENT CITY HE HAD BUILT IN THE DESERT. 906 00:59:20,694 --> 00:59:26,450 NOW, HIS FOLLOWERS WOULD HAVE TO FACE THE WORLD WITHOUT HIM. 907 00:59:38,929 --> 00:59:43,033 I CAN'T UNDERTAKE TO EXPLAIN BRIGHAM YOUNG 908 00:59:43,100 --> 00:59:45,269 TO YOUR ATLANTIC CITIZENS, 909 00:59:45,336 --> 00:59:48,673 OR EXPECT YOU TO PUT HIM AT HIS VALUE. 910 00:59:48,739 --> 00:59:51,309 YOUR GREAT MEN EASTWARD ARE TO ME 911 00:59:51,376 --> 00:59:55,445 LIKE YOUR IVORY AND PEARL-HANDLED TABLE KNIVES -- 912 00:59:55,512 --> 00:59:59,132 MORE SHINY THAN THE INSIDE OF MY WATCH CASE, 913 00:59:59,199 --> 01:00:03,153 BUT WITH ONLY EDGE ENOUGH TO SLICE BREAD AND CHEESE, 914 01:00:03,204 --> 01:00:06,890 AND ALL ALIKE BY THE DOZEN, ONE WITH ANOTHER. 915 01:00:06,958 --> 01:00:11,946 BRIGHAM IS THE ARTICLE THAT SELLS OUT WEST WITH US -- 916 01:00:12,012 --> 01:00:16,718 BETWEEN A ROMAN CUTLASS AND A BEEF BUTCHER KNIFE, 917 01:00:16,784 --> 01:00:21,321 THE THING TO CUT UP A DEER OR CUT DOWN AN ENEMY 918 01:00:21,388 --> 01:00:23,390 EVERY BIT AS WELL. 919 01:00:23,457 --> 01:00:28,746 YOU THAT JUDGE MEN BY THE HANDLE AND THE SHEATH, 920 01:00:28,813 --> 01:00:33,567 HOW CAN I MAKE YOU KNOW A GOOD BLADE? 921 01:00:33,634 --> 01:00:37,655 JEDEDIAH M. GRANT. 922 01:00:54,288 --> 01:00:56,557 OUR FATHERS GAVE US MANY LAWS, 923 01:00:56,623 --> 01:00:59,877 WHICH THEY HAD LEARNED FROM THEIR FATHERS. 924 01:00:59,944 --> 01:01:03,747 THEY TOLD US TO TREAT ALL MEN AS THEY TREATED US, 925 01:01:03,814 --> 01:01:08,319 THAT WE SHOULD NEVER BE THE FIRST TO BREAK A BARGAIN, 926 01:01:08,386 --> 01:01:11,572 THAT IT WAS A DISGRACE TO TELL A LIE, 927 01:01:11,639 --> 01:01:14,691 THAT WE SHOULD SPEAK ONLY THE TRUTH. 928 01:01:14,758 --> 01:01:17,094 WE WERE TAUGHT TO BELIEVE 929 01:01:17,161 --> 01:01:21,331 THAT THE GREAT SPIRIT SEES AND HEARS EVERYTHING, 930 01:01:21,398 --> 01:01:23,701 AND THAT HE NEVER FORGETS. 931 01:01:23,768 --> 01:01:29,290 THIS I BELIEVE, AND ALL MY PEOPLE BELIEVE THE SAME -- 932 01:01:29,356 --> 01:01:34,879 HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEKHT. 933 01:01:34,946 --> 01:01:39,116 Narrator: BY 1877, MOST NEZ PERCE WERE LIVING 934 01:01:39,183 --> 01:01:42,437 ON A RESERVATION ALONG THE CLEARWATER RIVER 935 01:01:42,503 --> 01:01:43,854 IN WESTERN IDAHO. 936 01:01:43,921 --> 01:01:47,091 MANY HAD CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY, 937 01:01:47,158 --> 01:01:51,929 WORE WHITE MEN'S CLOTHES, AND HAD TAKEN UP FARMING. 938 01:01:51,995 --> 01:01:57,685 BUT SOME REFUSED TO MOVE ONTO THE RESERVATION. 939 01:01:57,752 --> 01:02:02,289 AMONG THEM WAS A BAND THAT LIVED IN THE BEAUTIFUL WALLOWA VALLEY 940 01:02:02,355 --> 01:02:03,340 OF EASTERN OREGON. 941 01:02:03,407 --> 01:02:05,075 THEIR VILLAGE CHIEF, 942 01:02:05,126 --> 01:02:09,146 RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OVERALL WELFARE OF HIS PEOPLE, 943 01:02:09,213 --> 01:02:13,250 WAS A TALL, RESERVED MAN WHOSE NEZ PERCE NAME, 944 01:02:13,317 --> 01:02:15,386 HIN-MAH-TOO-YAH-LAT-KEKHT, 945 01:02:15,452 --> 01:02:19,390 MEANT "THUNDER ROLLING FROM THE MOUNTAINS." 946 01:02:19,456 --> 01:02:22,843 WHITES CALLED HIM "CHIEF JOSEPH." 947 01:02:22,909 --> 01:02:27,214 HE WAS STILL A YOUNG MAN WHEN HE PROMISED HIS DYING FATHER 948 01:02:27,281 --> 01:02:30,534 THAT HE WOULD NEVER SELL THEIR HOMELAND. 949 01:02:30,601 --> 01:02:32,436 AND FOR SIX YEARS, 950 01:02:32,503 --> 01:02:36,707 HE HAD REFUSED TO MOVE ONTO THE RESERVATION 951 01:02:36,774 --> 01:02:42,880 TO COMPLY WITH A TREATY HIS BAND OF NEZ PERCE HAD NEVER SIGNED. 952 01:02:42,947 --> 01:02:47,350 DO NOT MISUNDERSTAND ME AND MY AFFECTION FOR THE LAND. 953 01:02:47,417 --> 01:02:51,755 I NEVER SAID THE LAND WAS MINE TO DO WITH AS I CHOSE. 954 01:02:51,822 --> 01:02:55,442 THE ONE WHO HAS THE RIGHT TO DISPOSE OF IT 955 01:02:55,509 --> 01:02:58,129 IS THE ONE WHO HAS CREATED IT. 956 01:02:58,195 --> 01:03:01,582 I CLAIM A RIGHT TO LIVE ON MY LAND, 957 01:03:01,649 --> 01:03:06,053 AND ACCORD YOU THE PRIVILEGE TO LIVE ON YOURS. 958 01:03:06,119 --> 01:03:09,673 THE EARTH IS THE MOTHER OF ALL PEOPLE, 959 01:03:09,740 --> 01:03:14,161 AND ALL PEOPLE SHOULD HAVE EQUAL RIGHTS UPON IT -- 960 01:03:14,228 --> 01:03:16,012 CHIEF JOSEPH. 961 01:03:19,000 --> 01:03:22,286 WE DO NOT WISH TO INTERFERE WITH YOUR RELIGION, 962 01:03:22,353 --> 01:03:24,905 BUT MUST TALK ABOUT PRACTICABLE THINGS. 963 01:03:24,972 --> 01:03:28,992 TWENTY TIMES OVER YOU REPEAT THAT THE EARTH IS YOUR MOTHER. 964 01:03:29,059 --> 01:03:32,346 LET US HEAR NO MORE, BUT COME TO BUSINESS AT ONCE -- 965 01:03:32,413 --> 01:03:35,949 GENERAL OLIVER O. HOWARD. 966 01:03:36,016 --> 01:03:38,619 Narrator: GENERAL OLIVER OTIS HOWARD 967 01:03:38,686 --> 01:03:40,721 WAS A ONE-ARMED CIVIL WAR HERO, 968 01:03:40,788 --> 01:03:43,357 WHO HAD RUN THE FREEDMAN'S BUREAU 969 01:03:43,423 --> 01:03:47,094 AND FOUNDED HOWARD UNIVERSITY FOR EMANCIPATED BLACKS 970 01:03:47,161 --> 01:03:48,446 IN WASHINGTON, D.C. 971 01:03:48,512 --> 01:03:52,066 NOW HE WAS DISPATCHED TO DEAL WITH THE NEZ PERCE. 972 01:03:52,133 --> 01:03:53,584 HOWARD BECAME CONVINCED 973 01:03:53,651 --> 01:03:56,737 THAT THE INDIANS WERE RIGHT ABOUT THE TREATY, 974 01:03:56,804 --> 01:03:59,823 AND WROTE THE WAR DEPARTNT TO SAY SO. 975 01:03:59,890 --> 01:04:02,626 Howard:I THINK IT IS A GREAT MISTAKE 976 01:04:02,693 --> 01:04:06,063 TO TAKE THE VALLEY FROM JOSEPH AND HIS BAND. 977 01:04:06,130 --> 01:04:08,799 POSSIBLY CONGRESS CAN BE INDUCED 978 01:04:08,865 --> 01:04:13,554 TO LET THESE PEACEABLE INDIANS HAVE THIS VALLEY FOR THEIR OWN. 979 01:04:13,620 --> 01:04:18,892 Narrator: HOWARD OFFERED TO BUY THE WALLOWA VALLEY, 980 01:04:18,976 --> 01:04:21,095 BUT JOSEPH REFUSED TO SELL IT. 981 01:04:21,178 --> 01:04:25,365 NOW WASHINGTON ORDERED HOWARD TO MOVE THE NEZ PERCE... 982 01:04:25,432 --> 01:04:27,434 ONE WAY OR ANOTHER. 983 01:04:27,501 --> 01:04:30,121 HE TOLD JOSEPH AND THE OTHERS 984 01:04:30,187 --> 01:04:34,008 THAT IF THEY WEREN'T ON THE RESERVATION IN LAPWAI, IDAHO, 985 01:04:34,074 --> 01:04:35,409 WITHIN A MONTH, 986 01:04:35,476 --> 01:04:38,011 HIS SOLDIERS WOULD FORCE THEM TO GO THERE. 987 01:04:38,078 --> 01:04:42,883 Chief Joseph:I KNEW I HAD NEVER SOLD MY COUNTRY 988 01:04:42,949 --> 01:04:46,620 AND THAT I HAD NO LAND IN LAPWAI. 989 01:04:46,687 --> 01:04:49,156 BUT I DID NOT WANT BLOODSHED. 990 01:04:49,222 --> 01:04:52,142 I DID NOT WANT MY PEOPLE KILLED. 991 01:04:52,209 --> 01:04:54,878 I DID NOT WANT ANYBODY KILLED. 992 01:04:54,945 --> 01:04:58,948 I SAID IN MY HEART THAT RATHER THAN HAVE WAR, 993 01:04:59,015 --> 01:05:01,502 I WOULD GIVE UP EVERYTHING -- 994 01:05:01,568 --> 01:05:05,155 RATHER THAN HAVE THE BLOOD OF WHITE MEN 995 01:05:05,222 --> 01:05:07,624 UPON THE HANDS OF MY PEOPLE. 996 01:05:07,691 --> 01:05:10,210 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 997 01:05:12,780 --> 01:05:14,448 BEGAN MOVING THEIR PEOPLE. 998 01:05:14,515 --> 01:05:17,251 BUT A HANDFUL OF YOUNG WARRIORS, 999 01:05:17,318 --> 01:05:22,122 SEEKING REVENGE FOR THE WAY THEIR PEOPLE HAD BEEN TREATED, 1000 01:05:22,189 --> 01:05:27,477 SLIPPED AWAY AND KILLED 18 WHITE SETTLERS. 1001 01:05:27,544 --> 01:05:30,530 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THEIR HISTORY, 1002 01:05:30,597 --> 01:05:35,419 JOSEPH'S PEOPLE FOUND THEMSELVES AT WAR WITH THE AMERICANS. 1003 01:05:35,485 --> 01:05:38,371 Chief Joseph: I KNEW WE WERE TOO WEAK 1004 01:05:38,438 --> 01:05:40,725 TO FIGHT THE UNITED STATES. 1005 01:05:40,791 --> 01:05:45,528 WE HAD MANY GRIEVANCES, BUT I KNEW THAT WAR WOULD BRING MORE. 1006 01:05:45,596 --> 01:05:48,416 Narrator: HOWARD SENT CAPTAIN DAVID PERRY 1007 01:05:48,482 --> 01:05:52,035 AND TWO TROOPS OF CAVALRY TO BRING THE YOUNG WARRIORS 1008 01:05:52,103 --> 01:05:54,472 AND THE REST OF THE NEZ PERCE IN, 1009 01:05:54,538 --> 01:05:57,057 AND CONFIDENTLY WIRED HIS SUPERIORS, 1010 01:05:57,124 --> 01:06:00,060 "THINK WE WILL MAKE SHORT WORK OF IT." 1011 01:06:00,127 --> 01:06:05,499 AT WHITE BIRD CANYON ON THE SALMON RIVER, PERRY ATTACKED. 1012 01:06:05,566 --> 01:06:08,902 THE NEZ PERCE HURLED THEM BACK. 1013 01:06:12,406 --> 01:06:14,307 Chief Joseph:THOSE SOLDIERS 1014 01:06:14,375 --> 01:06:17,161 DID NOT HOLD THEIR POSITION 10 MINUTES. 1015 01:06:17,228 --> 01:06:20,231 SOME SOLDIERS WERE QUICKLY ON THE RUN. 1016 01:06:20,297 --> 01:06:23,334 THEN THE ENTIRE ENEMY FORCE GAVE WAY. 1017 01:06:26,937 --> 01:06:31,609 WE COUNTED 33 DEAD SOLDIERS. WE DID NO SCALPING. 1018 01:06:31,675 --> 01:06:34,211 WE DID NOT STRIP THEM NAKED. 1019 01:06:34,211 --> 01:06:38,715 WE DID NOT HURT THE DEAD, ONLY LET THEM LIE. 1020 01:06:44,204 --> 01:06:47,007 Narrator: ONLY THREE NEZ PERCE WARRIORS 1021 01:06:47,074 --> 01:06:48,158 HAD BEEN WOUNDED IN THE BATTLE, 1022 01:06:48,225 --> 01:06:51,144 BUT PERRY HAD LOST A THIRD OF HIS COMMAND 1023 01:06:51,211 --> 01:06:53,296 AND BEEN DRIVEN FROM THE FIELD. 1024 01:06:53,363 --> 01:06:55,715 "I HAVE BEEN IN LOTS OF SCRAPES," 1025 01:06:55,782 --> 01:06:57,584 ONE ARMY SCOUT REMEMBERED, 1026 01:06:57,651 --> 01:07:01,555 "BUT I NEVER WENT UP AGAINST ANYTHING LIKE THE NEZ PERCE 1027 01:07:01,621 --> 01:07:03,339 IN ALL MY LIFE." 1028 01:07:03,407 --> 01:07:08,045 NEWS OF THE STUNNING DEFEAT AT WHITE BIRD CANYON, 1029 01:07:08,111 --> 01:07:12,699 ALMOST ONE YEAR AFTER CUSTER'S DEATH AT THE LITTLE BIG HORN, 1030 01:07:12,766 --> 01:07:15,402 SHOCKED THE COUNTRY. 1031 01:07:15,469 --> 01:07:19,273 HOWARD CALLED FOR MORE TROOPS. 1032 01:07:19,340 --> 01:07:22,793 FOR THE NEXT THREE MONTHS, SEEKING SOME PLACE 1033 01:07:22,859 --> 01:07:25,746 WHERE THE SOLDIERS WOULD NOT FOLLOW, 1034 01:07:25,812 --> 01:07:29,332 THE NEZ PERCE WOULD LEAD THE UNITED STATES ARMY 1035 01:07:29,399 --> 01:07:34,004 ON ONE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE PURSUITS IN MILITARY HISTORY. 1036 01:07:34,071 --> 01:07:37,157 ON JULY 3, THE NEZ PERCE WIPED OUT 1037 01:07:37,224 --> 01:07:41,578 AN ARMY SCOUTING PARTY OF 13 MEN THAT GOT TOO CLOSE. 1038 01:07:41,645 --> 01:07:45,282 ON INDEPENDENCE DAY, THEY FOUGHT OFF AN ATTACK 1039 01:07:45,349 --> 01:07:48,218 AT AN OLD STAGE STOP CALLED "COTTONWOOD." 1040 01:07:48,269 --> 01:07:50,571 A WEEK LATER, ON THE CLEARWATER RIVER, 1041 01:07:50,638 --> 01:07:55,542 THEY KILLED 13 MORE OF HOWARD'S MEN WHO SOUGHT TO STOP THEM. 1042 01:07:55,609 --> 01:07:58,762 THEN, THEY BEGAN CLIMBING THE BITTERROOT MOUNTAINS, 1043 01:07:58,828 --> 01:08:01,498 LED BY A WAR CHIEF NAMED "LOOKING GLASS," 1044 01:08:01,565 --> 01:08:03,400 FOLLOWING THE SAME TRAIL 1045 01:08:03,467 --> 01:08:06,419 THAT HAD BROUGHT LEWIS AND CLARK TO THEM 1046 01:08:06,486 --> 01:08:09,289 THREE-QUARTERS OF A CENTURY EARLIER. 1047 01:08:09,356 --> 01:08:13,594 THERE WERE ABOUT 700 OF THEM -- ONLY 200 WARRIORS -- 1048 01:08:13,660 --> 01:08:17,281 THE REST WOMEN, CHILDREN, AND OLD PEOPLE, 1049 01:08:17,347 --> 01:08:19,116 ALL IN JOSEPH'S CARE. 1050 01:08:19,182 --> 01:08:21,318 STILL, THEY MOVED QUICKLY, 1051 01:08:21,385 --> 01:08:25,423 BELIEVING THAT IF THEY COULD MAKE IT TO MONTANA 1052 01:08:25,489 --> 01:08:30,593 AND JOIN THEIR ALLIES, THE CROW, THEY WOULD BE SAFE. 1053 01:08:30,661 --> 01:08:34,781 WHEN THEY REACHED MONTANA, THE NEZ PERCE TURNED SOUTH 1054 01:08:34,865 --> 01:08:36,916 ALONG THE BITTERROOT RIVER, 1055 01:08:37,001 --> 01:08:41,088 PAYING FOR FOOD AND SUPPLIES FROM WHITE SETTLERS. 1056 01:08:41,154 --> 01:08:46,793 BUT THE FRIGHTENED TOWNSPEOPLE OF MISSOULA, BUTTE, BANNOCK, 1057 01:08:46,860 --> 01:08:51,365 AND VIRGINIA CITY DEMANDED ARMY PROTECTION. 1058 01:08:54,351 --> 01:08:55,835 ON AN ELEVATED PLATEAU 1059 01:08:55,903 --> 01:08:59,156 SURROUNDED BY MOUNTAINS CALLED "THE BIG HOLE," 1060 01:08:59,222 --> 01:09:02,042 LOOKING GLASS CONVINCED THE WEARY INDIANS 1061 01:09:02,109 --> 01:09:04,277 THEY COULD REST FOR SEVERAL DAYS. 1062 01:09:04,344 --> 01:09:10,083 HOWARD, HE SAID, WAS TOO FAR BEHIND THEM TO WORRY ABOUT. 1063 01:09:12,887 --> 01:09:14,538 BUT COLONEL JOHN GIBBON 1064 01:09:14,605 --> 01:09:18,542 HAD ASSEMBLED ALL THE AVAILABLE SOLDIERS IN WESTERN MONTANA 1065 01:09:18,609 --> 01:09:21,377 AND, WITH THE HELP OF BANNOCK SCOUTS, 1066 01:09:21,444 --> 01:09:27,901 TRACKED THE UNSUSPECTING NEZ PERCE TO THE BIG HOLE. 1067 01:09:27,967 --> 01:09:31,021 ALONG THE BLUFFS 1068 01:09:31,088 --> 01:09:33,790 OVERLOOKING THE BRUSH-COVERED VALLEY, 1069 01:09:33,856 --> 01:09:36,343 AND AS WE MOVED STEALTHILY FORWARD, 1070 01:09:36,410 --> 01:09:38,679 I COULD HEAR A CAUTIOUS WHISPER, 1071 01:09:38,745 --> 01:09:41,798 "THERE THEY ARE. LOOK!" 1072 01:09:41,865 --> 01:09:44,818 AND THE MAIN CAMP OF OUR ENEMIES 1073 01:09:44,885 --> 01:09:50,707 WAS AS PLAINLY IN SIGHT AS THE DIM STARLIGHT PERMITTED -- 1074 01:09:50,774 --> 01:09:52,809 COLONEL JOHN GIBBON. 1075 01:09:52,876 --> 01:09:56,930 Narrator: THE TROOPS ATTACKED AT DAWN. 1076 01:09:56,997 --> 01:09:58,599 IN THE FIRST MOMENTS, 1077 01:09:58,665 --> 01:10:01,635 BETWEEN 60 AND 90 NEZ PERCE WERE CUT DOWN -- 1078 01:10:01,702 --> 01:10:03,170 MANY OF THEM DEAD 1079 01:10:03,237 --> 01:10:06,890 BEFORE THEY COULD KICK FREE OF THEIR BLANKETS. 1080 01:10:06,957 --> 01:10:10,560 BUT THE SURVIVORS REGROUPED, 1081 01:10:10,627 --> 01:10:15,098 WOMEN AND CHILDREN AND OLD MEN FIGHTING ALONGSIDE THE WARRIORS 1082 01:10:15,165 --> 01:10:19,803 WITH SUCH FURY THAT THEY DROVE THE SOLDIERS FROM THE CAMP. 1083 01:10:25,075 --> 01:10:28,262 Gibbon: FEW OF US WILL SOON FORGET 1084 01:10:28,328 --> 01:10:31,581 THE WAIL OF MINGLED GRIEF, RAGE, AND HORROR 1085 01:10:31,648 --> 01:10:35,168 WHICH CAME FROM THE CAMP FOUR OR FIVE HUNDRED YARDS FROM US 1086 01:10:35,234 --> 01:10:37,604 WHEN THE INDIANS RETURNED TO IT 1087 01:10:37,671 --> 01:10:40,591 AND RECOGNIZED THEIR SLAUGHTERED WARRIORS, 1088 01:10:40,657 --> 01:10:42,075 WOMEN, AND CHILDREN. 1089 01:10:42,142 --> 01:10:43,910 ABOVE THIS WAIL OF HORROR 1090 01:10:43,978 --> 01:10:46,797 WE COULD HEAR THE PASSIONATE APPEAL 1091 01:10:46,863 --> 01:10:49,282 OF THE LEADERS URGING THEIR FOLLOWERS TO FIGHT, 1092 01:10:49,349 --> 01:10:54,020 AND THE WAR WHOOPS IN ANSWER WHICH BODED US NO GOOD. 1093 01:10:58,609 --> 01:11:01,094 Narrator: THE ENRAGED WARRIORS 1094 01:11:01,161 --> 01:11:04,314 PINNED GIBBON'S MEN DOWN WITH THEIR FIRE, 1095 01:11:04,381 --> 01:11:08,401 WHILE JOSEPH LED THE OTHERS AWAY FROM THE FIGHTING. 1096 01:11:13,540 --> 01:11:18,645 THE NEZ PERCE SLIPPED BACK INTO IDAHO, THEN TURNED EAST AGAIN, 1097 01:11:18,712 --> 01:11:21,231 TOWARD THE YELLOWSTONE PLATEAU, 1098 01:11:21,297 --> 01:11:25,769 WHICH HAD RECENTLY BEEN SET ASIDE AS A NATIONAL PARK. 1099 01:11:30,123 --> 01:11:32,325 WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN HIMSELF 1100 01:11:32,392 --> 01:11:35,428 HAD ASSURED VISITORS THERE WAS NO DANGER. 1101 01:11:35,512 --> 01:11:38,515 INDIANS, HE SAID, WERE TOO SUPERSTITIOUS 1102 01:11:38,581 --> 01:11:40,684 TO VENTURE NEAR THE GEYSERS. 1103 01:11:40,750 --> 01:11:45,689 BUT THE NEZ PERCE SWEPT RIGHT INTO THE PARK. 1104 01:11:45,756 --> 01:11:49,626 THEY CAPTURED MORE THAN A DOZEN HORRIFIED TOURISTS 1105 01:11:49,693 --> 01:11:51,444 AND KILLED TWO OF THEM 1106 01:11:51,511 --> 01:11:55,949 BEFORE THE CHIEFS TOLD THE WARRIORS TO LET THE OTHERS GO. 1107 01:11:56,033 --> 01:11:58,201 THE INDIANS MOVED ON, 1108 01:11:58,268 --> 01:12:03,856 STILL HOPING TO JOIN FORCES WITH THEIR LONGTIME FRIENDS, 1109 01:12:03,923 --> 01:12:05,141 THE CROW, 1110 01:12:05,209 --> 01:12:10,046 AND TO FIND A COUNTRY SOMEWHERE FREE OF WHITES. 1111 01:12:10,113 --> 01:12:16,120 BUT THE CROW WERE NOW PURSUING THEM ON BEHALF OF THE ARMY, 1112 01:12:16,186 --> 01:12:20,273 STEALING HORSES, KILLING STRAGGLERS. 1113 01:12:20,341 --> 01:12:24,645 Man:MANY SNOWS THE CROWS HAVE BEEN OUR FRIENDS. 1114 01:12:24,711 --> 01:12:26,880 BUT NOW TURNED ENEMIES. 1115 01:12:26,947 --> 01:12:28,749 I DO NOT UNDERSTAND 1116 01:12:28,815 --> 01:12:33,286 HOW THE CROWS COULD THINK TO HELP THE SOLDIERS. 1117 01:12:33,353 --> 01:12:37,257 MY HEART WAS JUST LIKE FIRE. 1118 01:12:37,324 --> 01:12:41,244 Narrator: THE NEZ PERCE WERE ALONE. 1119 01:12:41,311 --> 01:12:45,415 THE WEST THEY HAD ONCE KNOWN HAD VANISHED. 1120 01:12:45,482 --> 01:12:50,353 NOW, THEY FASTENED ON ONE LAST CHANCE FOR ESCAPE. 1121 01:12:50,420 --> 01:12:56,008 THE LAKOTA CHIEF, SITTING BULL, HAD FOUND SAFETY IN CANADA. 1122 01:12:56,076 --> 01:13:00,514 THEY WOULD HEAD NORTH ACROSS MONTANA TO JOIN HIM. 1123 01:13:00,580 --> 01:13:03,883 THEY CROSSED THE YELLOWSTONE RIVER, 1124 01:13:03,951 --> 01:13:05,935 THEN THE MUSSELSHELL, 1125 01:13:06,003 --> 01:13:10,123 AND FINALLY, IN LATE SEPTEMBER, THE MISSOURI. 1126 01:13:10,189 --> 01:13:13,593 THEY HAD COME MORE THAN 1,500 MILES, 1127 01:13:13,659 --> 01:13:18,381 FOUGHT IN 17 ENGAGEMENTS AGAINST MORE THAN 2,000 SOLDIERS 1128 01:13:18,448 --> 01:13:19,800 AND INDIAN SCOUTS, 1129 01:13:19,866 --> 01:13:23,053 SUFFERED HARDSHIPS, DISAPPOINTMENTS, 1130 01:13:23,119 --> 01:13:25,355 AND THE LOSS OF LOVED ONES, 1131 01:13:25,422 --> 01:13:30,677 BUT THEY HAD BEATEN OR ELUDED EVERY ARMY SENT AGAINST THEM. 1132 01:13:30,744 --> 01:13:34,147 "THE WHOLE NEZ PERCE MOVEMENT," ONE U.S. ARMY OFFICER MARVELLED, 1133 01:13:34,231 --> 01:13:40,086 "IS UNEQUALLED IN THE HISTORY OF INDIAN WARFARE." 1134 01:13:40,154 --> 01:13:46,025 NOW, CANADA AND FREEDOM WERE ONLY 40 MILES AWAY. 1135 01:13:51,197 --> 01:13:53,032 BEFORE CROSSING THE BORDER, 1136 01:13:53,099 --> 01:13:56,153 THE NEZ PERCE STOPPED TO CAMP ON SNAKE CREEK, 1137 01:13:56,219 --> 01:13:58,054 NEAR THE BEAR PAW MOUNTAINS. 1138 01:13:58,121 --> 01:13:59,873 GENERAL HOWARD, THEY KNEW, 1139 01:13:59,940 --> 01:14:02,859 WAS MORE THAN TWO DAY'S MARCH BEHIND THEM. 1140 01:14:02,926 --> 01:14:06,346 BUT UNKNOWN TO THEM, COLONEL NELSON A. MILES 1141 01:14:06,413 --> 01:14:09,799 HAD MERCILESSLY PUSHED HIS OWN FIFTH INFANTRY 1142 01:14:09,866 --> 01:14:13,436 AND CUSTER'S OLD COMMAND, THE SEVENTH CAVALRY, 1143 01:14:13,503 --> 01:14:17,908 ALL THE WAY FROM EASTERN MONTANA TO INTERCEPT THE NEZ PERCE. 1144 01:14:17,974 --> 01:14:21,661 WITH HIM RODE LAKOTA AND CHEYENNE WARRIORS, 1145 01:14:21,727 --> 01:14:23,530 WHO JUST A YEAR BEFORE 1146 01:14:23,596 --> 01:14:27,934 HAD DEFEATED THE SEVENTH AT THE LITTLE BIG HORN. 1147 01:14:33,990 --> 01:14:37,860 THE NEZ PERCE WERE QUIETLY SLUMBERING IN THEIR TENTS 1148 01:14:37,927 --> 01:14:39,796 WHEN THE CHARGE WAS MADE. 1149 01:14:39,863 --> 01:14:43,383 THE TRAMP OF AT LEAST 600 HORSES OVER THE PRAIRIE 1150 01:14:43,449 --> 01:14:45,352 FAIRLY SHOOK THE GROUND, 1151 01:14:45,418 --> 01:14:47,921 H FAA COMPLETE SURPRISEND,HOUG 1152 01:14:47,988 --> 01:14:49,856 TO THE INDIANS IN THE MAIN, 1153 01:14:49,923 --> 01:14:53,260 IVEN THEM A FEW MINUTES NOTICE, VE G 1154 01:14:53,326 --> 01:14:56,730 FOR AS THE TROOPS CHARGED AGAINST THE VILLAGE, 1155 01:14:56,796 --> 01:15:00,033 THE INDIANS OPENED A HOT FIRE UPON THEM -- 1156 01:15:00,099 --> 01:15:03,370 COLONEL NELSON A. MILES. 1157 01:15:07,724 --> 01:15:14,131 Narrator: NEZ PERCE WARRIORS DROVE OFF ONE ATTACK, 1158 01:15:14,197 --> 01:15:17,333 THEN A SECOND, AND A THIRD. 1159 01:15:17,401 --> 01:15:22,906 THEY KILLED OR WOUNDED 53 OF THE SOLDIERS, 1160 01:15:22,972 --> 01:15:26,960 BUT ALL THEIR HORSES HAD BEEN DRIVEN OFF. 1161 01:15:27,026 --> 01:15:30,079 THEY COULD NOT ESCAPE. 1162 01:15:32,382 --> 01:15:36,135 MILES DUG IN FOR A SIEGE. 1163 01:15:36,202 --> 01:15:40,207 THE WEATHER TURNED COLDER. 1164 01:15:40,273 --> 01:15:44,111 Man:MOST OF OUR FEW WARRIORS LEFT FROM THE BIG HOLE 1165 01:15:44,177 --> 01:15:47,697 HAD BEEN SWEPT AS LEAVES BEFORE THE STORM. 1166 01:15:47,748 --> 01:15:52,686 A YOUNG WARRIOR, WOUNDED, LAY ON A BUFFALO ROBE 1167 01:15:52,752 --> 01:15:55,638 DYING WITHOUT COMPLAINT. 1168 01:15:55,705 --> 01:15:58,542 CHILDREN CRYING WITH COLD. 1169 01:15:58,609 --> 01:16:02,979 NO FIRE. THERE COULD BE NO LIGHT. 1170 01:16:03,046 --> 01:16:06,716 EVERYWHERE THE CRYING, THE DEATH WAIL. 1171 01:16:06,783 --> 01:16:09,052 I FELT THE COMING END. 1172 01:16:09,119 --> 01:16:12,972 ALL FOR WHICH WE HAD SUFFERED, LOST! 1173 01:16:13,039 --> 01:16:17,694 THOUGHTS CAME OF THE WALLOWA WHERE I GREW UP, 1174 01:16:17,761 --> 01:16:22,499 OF MY OWN COUNTRY WHEN ONLY INDIANS WERE THERE, 1175 01:16:22,565 --> 01:16:25,486 OF TEPEES ALONG THE BENDING RIVER, 1176 01:16:25,552 --> 01:16:28,070 OF THE BLUE, CLEAR LAKE, 1177 01:16:28,138 --> 01:16:31,891 WIDE MEADOWS WITH HORSE AND CATTLE HERDS. 1178 01:16:31,958 --> 01:16:37,497 FROM THE MOUNTAIN FORESTS, VOICES SEEMED CALLING. 1179 01:16:37,564 --> 01:16:42,619 I FELT AS DREAMING. NOT MY LIVING SELF. 1180 01:16:47,857 --> 01:16:52,412 Narrator: FOR FIVE MORE DAYS, THE SIEGE WENT ON. 1181 01:16:52,478 --> 01:16:55,999 A FEW NEZ PERCE SLIPPED BEHIND THE LINES 1182 01:16:56,066 --> 01:16:58,235 AND STRAGGLED INTO CANADA. 1183 01:16:58,301 --> 01:17:00,570 SITTING BULL WELCOMED THEM, 1184 01:17:00,637 --> 01:17:04,607 BUT WOULD SEND NO FORCE TO RESCUE THE OTHERS. 1185 01:17:04,674 --> 01:17:08,578 UNDER A WHITE FLAG, MILES OPENED NEGOTIATIONS. 1186 01:17:08,645 --> 01:17:11,864 JOSEPH WAS SELECTED TO TALK WITH HIM. 1187 01:17:11,931 --> 01:17:16,302 "TURN OVER YOUR RIFLES," MILES SAID, "AND IN THE SPRING, 1188 01:17:16,369 --> 01:17:19,622 YOU WILL BE ALLOWED TO RETURN HOME." 1189 01:17:19,689 --> 01:17:23,827 Chief Joseph:MY PEOPLE WERE DIVIDED ABOUT SURRENDERING, 1190 01:17:23,894 --> 01:17:27,647 BUT I COULD NOT BEAR TO SEE MY WOUNDED MEN AND WOMEN 1191 01:17:27,714 --> 01:17:29,382 SUFFER ANY LONGER. 1192 01:17:29,449 --> 01:17:31,484 WE HAD LOST ENOUGH ALREADY. 1193 01:17:31,550 --> 01:17:33,236 COLONEL MILES PROMISED 1194 01:17:33,303 --> 01:17:36,673 THAT WE MIGHT RETURN TO OUR OWN COUNTRY 1195 01:17:36,740 --> 01:17:38,658 WITH WHAT STOCK WE HAD LEFT. 1196 01:17:38,725 --> 01:17:41,511 I THOUGHT WE COULD START AGAIN. 1197 01:17:41,578 --> 01:17:48,085 I BELIEVED COLONEL MILES, OR I NEVER WOULD HAVE SURRENDERED. 1198 01:17:48,151 --> 01:17:52,038 Narrator: ON THE AFTERNOON OF OCTOBER 5, 1877, 1199 01:17:52,105 --> 01:17:57,126 JOSEPH RODE OUT TO THE FOOT OF A BLUFF ON THE PRAIRIE. 1200 01:17:57,194 --> 01:18:01,931 COLONEL MILES AND GENERAL HOWARD WERE WAITING FOR HIM. 1201 01:18:01,997 --> 01:18:05,051 JOSEPH THREW HIMSELF OFF HIS HORSE, 1202 01:18:05,118 --> 01:18:09,773 DRAPED HIS BLANKET ABOUT HIM, AND WITH A QUIET PRIDE, 1203 01:18:09,839 --> 01:18:11,624 NOT EXACTLY DEFIANCE, 1204 01:18:11,691 --> 01:18:16,212 ADVANCED TOWARD GENERAL HOWARD AND HELD OUT HIS RIFLE 1205 01:18:16,279 --> 01:18:18,514 IN TOKEN OF SUBMISSION -- 1206 01:18:18,581 --> 01:18:21,384 LIEUTENANT CHARLES ERSKINE WOOD. 1207 01:18:21,451 --> 01:18:24,888 Chief Joseph: I AM TIRED OF FIGHTING. 1208 01:18:24,955 --> 01:18:29,392 OUR CHIEFS ARE ALL KILLED. LOOKING GLASS IS DEAD. 1209 01:18:29,458 --> 01:18:31,711 THE OLD MEN ARE ALL DEAD. 1210 01:18:31,778 --> 01:18:35,231 IT IS COLD, AND WE HAVE NO BLANKETS. 1211 01:18:35,298 --> 01:18:39,853 THE LITTLE CHILDREN ARE FREEZING TO DEATH. 1212 01:18:39,853 --> 01:18:44,990 MY PEOPLE, SOME OF THEM, HAVE RUN AWA 1213 01:18:45,057 --> 01:18:46,793 AND HAVE NO FOOD. 1214 01:18:46,859 --> 01:18:49,779 NO ONE KNOWS WHERE THEY ARE. 1215 01:18:49,846 --> 01:18:54,150 I WANT TO HAVE TIME TO LOOK FOR MY CHILDREN, 1216 01:18:54,216 --> 01:18:57,903 AND SEE HOW MANY OF THEM I CAN FIND. 1217 01:18:57,970 --> 01:19:01,941 MAYBE I SHALL FIND THEM AMONG THE DEAD. 1218 01:19:02,008 --> 01:19:05,328 HEAR ME, MY CHIEFS! I AM TIRED. 1219 01:19:05,394 --> 01:19:07,948 MY HEART IS SICK AND SAD. 1220 01:19:08,014 --> 01:19:13,603 FROM WHERE THE SUN NOW STANDS, I WILL FIGHT NO MORE FOREVER. 1221 01:19:31,605 --> 01:19:35,258 Narrator: JOSEPH AND HIS PEOPLE WERE LOADED ONTO A RIVERBOAT 1222 01:19:35,308 --> 01:19:39,162 AND SENT DOWN THE MISSOURI RIVER TOWARD FORT ABRAHAM LINCOLN 1223 01:19:39,229 --> 01:19:40,513 IN DAKOTA TERRITORY, 1224 01:19:40,580 --> 01:19:44,050 WHERE THEY EXPECTED TO SPEND THE WINTER. 1225 01:19:44,117 --> 01:19:47,703 BUT WHILE THEY WERE ON THE WAY, MILES' AND HOWARD'S PROMISE 1226 01:19:47,771 --> 01:19:50,240 THAT THEY WOULD BE ALLOWED TO RETURN HOME 1227 01:19:50,306 --> 01:19:53,393 HAD BEEN OVERRULED BY GENERAL SHERMAN. 1228 01:19:53,459 --> 01:19:58,547 THE INDIANS THROUGHOUT DISPLAYED A COURAGE AND SKILL 1229 01:19:58,615 --> 01:20:02,034 THAT ELICITED UNIVERSAL PRAISE. 1230 01:20:02,101 --> 01:20:06,572 THEY ABSTAINED FROM SCALPING, LET CAPTIVE WOMEN GO FREE, 1231 01:20:06,639 --> 01:20:09,692 DID NOT COMMIT INDISCRIMINATE MURDER 1232 01:20:09,759 --> 01:20:11,961 OF PEACEFUL FAMILIES, WHICH IS USUAL, 1233 01:20:12,028 --> 01:20:15,181 AND FOUGHT WITH ALMOST SCIENTIFIC SKILL. 1234 01:20:15,247 --> 01:20:18,234 NEVERTHELESS, THEY WOULD NOT SETTLE DOWN 1235 01:20:18,301 --> 01:20:20,703 ON LAND SET APART FOR THEM. 1236 01:20:20,770 --> 01:20:23,689 AND WHEN COMMANDED BY PROPER AUTHORITY, 1237 01:20:23,756 --> 01:20:27,343 THEY BEGAN RESISTANCE BY MURDERING PERSONS 1238 01:20:27,410 --> 01:20:31,714 IN NO MANNER CONNECTED WITH THEIR ALLEGED GRIEVANCES. 1239 01:20:31,781 --> 01:20:36,319 THEY SHOULD NEVER AGAIN BE ALLOWED TO RETURN TO OREGON -- 1240 01:20:36,386 --> 01:20:39,272 GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN. 1241 01:20:39,339 --> 01:20:45,262 Narrator: MILES AND HOWARD COULD NOT CHANGE SHERMAN'S DECISION. 1242 01:20:45,328 --> 01:20:49,499 THE NEZ PERCE HAD BEEN BETRAYED AGAIN. 1243 01:20:49,565 --> 01:20:51,968 [ CANNON FIRES ] 1244 01:20:52,035 --> 01:20:55,188 WHEN THE INDIANS ARRIVED AT THE FORT, 1245 01:20:55,254 --> 01:20:57,057 ITS CANNON GREETED THEM, 1246 01:20:57,123 --> 01:21:00,610 AND THE STEAM ENGINE OF A NORTHERN PACIFIC TRAIN 1247 01:21:00,676 --> 01:21:03,146 BLASTED ITS WHISTLE THREE TIMES. 1248 01:21:06,098 --> 01:21:09,552 THEY HAD NEVER SEEN A TRAIN BEFORE, 1249 01:21:09,619 --> 01:21:13,323 AND THE NEZ PERCE BEGAN A MOURNFUL SONG. 1250 01:21:13,389 --> 01:21:18,228 "IT SOUNDED," ONE ONLOOKER SAID, "LIKE A DEATH CHANT." 1251 01:21:18,295 --> 01:21:23,516 THEN, JOSEPH AND HIS PEOPLE WERE LOADED ONTO THE TRAIN. 1252 01:21:23,582 --> 01:21:27,086 THEY WERE NOT GOING HOME, THEY WERE NOW TOLD, 1253 01:21:27,153 --> 01:21:28,654 BUT FAR AWAY, 1254 01:21:28,721 --> 01:21:32,491 INTO EXILE IN THE NORTHEASTERN CORNER OF INDIAN TERRITORY 1255 01:21:32,558 --> 01:21:34,694 IN WHAT IS NOW OKLAHOMA -- 1256 01:21:34,760 --> 01:21:39,799 NEARLY 2,000 MILES FROM THEIR BELOVED WALLOWA VALLEY. 1257 01:21:47,523 --> 01:21:52,128 ONCE THERE, THEY FOUND CONDITIONS UNSANITARY, 1258 01:21:52,194 --> 01:21:53,930 MEDICINE SCARCE. 1259 01:21:53,997 --> 01:21:58,968 SIXTY-EIGHT OF THEM PERISHED IN THE FIRST YEAR ALONE. 1260 01:21:59,034 --> 01:22:03,339 SOON, THEY HAD A CEMETERY SET ASIDE SOLELY FOR BABIES, 1261 01:22:03,406 --> 01:22:06,792 WITH 100 GRAVES. 1262 01:22:14,350 --> 01:22:19,122 AMONG THE NEZ PERCE WHO DIED WAS AN OLD MAN NAMED HALAHTOOKIT, 1263 01:22:19,188 --> 01:22:20,790 OR "DAYTIME SMOKE." 1264 01:22:20,857 --> 01:22:22,959 ACCORDING TO JOSEPH'S PEOPLE, 1265 01:22:23,026 --> 01:22:26,512 HE WAS THE HALF-INDIAN SON OF WILLIAM CLARK, 1266 01:22:26,579 --> 01:22:30,032 THE AMERICAN EXPLORER THE NEZ PERCE HAD SHELTERED 1267 01:22:30,099 --> 01:22:32,301 MORE THAN 70 YEARS EARLIER... 1268 01:22:32,368 --> 01:22:35,338 THE MAN WHO HAD FIRST PROMISED 1269 01:22:35,405 --> 01:22:40,610 THAT THE UNITED STATES WOULDALWAYSBE THEIR FRIEND. 1270 01:22:43,846 --> 01:22:46,332 GOOD WORDS DO NOT LAST LONG. 1271 01:22:46,399 --> 01:22:50,070 GOOD WORDS DO NOT PAY FOR MY DEAD PEOPLE. 1272 01:22:53,039 --> 01:22:56,326 THEY DO NOT PAY FOR MY COUNTR 1273 01:22:56,392 --> 01:22:58,628 NOW OVERRUN BY WHITE MEN. 1274 01:23:01,197 --> 01:23:04,100 GOOD WORDS WILL NOT GET MY PEOPLE A HOME 1275 01:23:04,167 --> 01:23:11,357 WHERE THEY CAN LIVE IN PEACE AND TAKE CARE OF THEMSELVES. 1276 01:23:11,424 --> 01:23:15,378 I AM TIRED OF TALK THAT COMES TO NOTHING. 1277 01:23:15,445 --> 01:23:19,865 IT MAKES MY HEART SICK WHEN I REMEMBER ALL THE GOOD WORDS 1278 01:23:19,932 --> 01:23:22,585 AND BROKEN PROMISES. 1279 01:23:22,636 --> 01:23:26,222 YOU MIGHT THE RIVERS TO RUN BACKWARD 1280 01:23:26,289 --> 01:23:29,308 AS THAT ANY MAN WHO WAS BORN A FREE MAN 1281 01:23:29,375 --> 01:23:32,828 SHOULD BE CONTENTED WHEN PENNED UP 1282 01:23:32,895 --> 01:23:37,099 AND DENIED LIBERTY TO GO WHERE HE PLEASES -- 1283 01:23:37,166 --> 01:23:39,702 CHIEF JOSEPH. 1284 01:23:52,382 --> 01:23:55,318 [ NATIVE AMERICAN CHANTING ] 1285 01:24:05,862 --> 01:24:10,766 [ DRUM BEATS, CHANTING CONTINUES ]